Non communicable disease

• What is CHD?


  • (Coronary heart disease)
  • Coronary artery gets blocked by fatty deposit build up - less o2 reaches the heart , strains the heart, can lead to heart attack or stroke
• What are stents?


  • Expandable mesh tube inside artery
  • allows more blood flow as it widens the lumen preventing blockage by plaque buildups
• What are the pros of stents?


  • Surgery is quick
  • Effective for a long time
  • very effective as they widen the lumen
• What are cons of stents?


  • risk of blood clotting
  • may damage the artery
  • risk of infection during surgery
• What are statins?


  • Medication - alters balance of LDL:HDL cholersterol in blood stream
  • Lowers LDL (LDL causes fatty deposits)
• What are the cons of statins 


  • Have to be taken every day for years - people may forget
  • Side effects may include kidney failure
• What happens if you have a faulty valve?


  • Blood will flow backwards
• How do you fix a faulty valve?


  • Artificial/mechanical valve
  • OR biological valve from human, cow or pig
  • However they both require invasive surgery and you risk a blood clot
• What are the pros of an artificial heart replacement?


  • Less likely to be rejected
• What are the cons of an artificial heart?


  • TEMPORARY
• What are the pros of a biological heart transplant?


  • Permanent fix
• What are the cons of a biological heart transplant?


  • Expensive
  • Hard to find
  • May be rejected by the body
• What is health?


  • State of physical and mental wellbeing
• What are some factors of good health?


  • Good diet
  • Excersise
  • Sleep
  • Medical care
  • Stress
• How do some diseases interact?

  • POOR IMMUNE SYSTEM - body isnt able to defend against communicable disease, more likely to suffer
  • VIRUS - can trigger cancer (virus live in cells )
  • IMMUNE SYSTEM REACTIONS - can cause rashes, asthma etc
  • PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH - Poor physical health can negatively impact mental health ie can lead to depression
• What is a risk factor?


  • Something that increases likelihood of developing a disease
• What diseases are a risk factor for smoking?

  • CV disease
  • Lung disease + cancer
  • Damages the walls of the blood vessels, alveoli and lungs
• How does disease effect a national scale?


  • The ill person can't work as much and will struggle financially
  • This means the national economy is less productive
  • This means the governments money must be spent more on healthcare
• how do statins work

  block a cholesterol producing enzyme in the liver
• what are the advantages of a biological valve

  • highly effectivie
• what are the disadvantages of a biological valve

  • need to be replaced
  • risk of immune infection
• what are the advantages of a mechanical valve

  • dosent have to be replaced
• what are the disadvantages of a mechanical valve

  • must take a blood clotting medication life long
• what are the advantages of a artificial heart

  • less chance of rejection
  • less waiting time
• what are the diasadvantages of a artificial heart

  • dont work as well
  • increased risk of blood clotting
• what can ill health lead to

  • low quality of life
  • reduced lifespan
  • stress on the NHS
  • may require priv healthcare
  • not able to work
• what are some risk factors for geenral non communicable disease

  • diet
  • stress
  • obecity
  • habits ie smoking, alcohol
• what is risk factor for type 2 diabetes

  • poor diet
  • obesity
• risk factor for liver disease

  • alcohol consumption
• what is cancer

  • result of changes in DNA which lead to the uncontrollable cell division
• what are benign tumors?

  • non cancerous
  • do not spread to other parts of the body
  • contained in one area
• what are malignant tumors?

  • cancerous
  • soread into neighbouring tissues
  • travel around the body via the blood
• how do malignant tumours lead to death

  • damage the organ they grow/spread to