Gene technology

• What is genetic engineering?

  Modifying an organism's genome with another gene
• Why are bacterial cells genetically engineered?

  To produce human insulin for diabetes treatment
• What are the steps in the genetic engineering technique?

  1. Use enzymes to isolate the required gene
  2. Insert the gene into a vector (virus or plasmid)
  3. Use the vector to insert the gene into required cells
  4. Transfer genes to cells of animals, plants, or microorganisms
• What is the purpose of inserting genes into cells at an early stage of development?

  To ensure they develop with desired characteristics
• What are the pros of genetically modified (GM) crops?

  • More desirable characteristics
  • Increased fruit production
  • Resistance to disease
  • Important for developing countries
• What are the cons of genetically modified (GM) crops?

  • Unknown health effects of GM plants
  • Impact on wildflower populations
  • Reduction in farmland biodiversity