Enzymes + other cell related stuff

• What are enzymes primarily made of?

  Proteins
• How do enzymes affect activation energy?

  They lower activation energy to speed up reactions
• Are enzymes reusable?

  Yes
• What role do enzymes play in chemical reactions?

  Catalysts
• What environmental factors affect enzyme effectiveness?

  Temperature and pH
• What is the site where enzyme activation occurs called?

  Activation site
• What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

  Nucleotides
• What are lipids composed of?

  Glycerol and fatty acids
• What distinguishes saturated from unsaturated lipids?

  Saturated have straight bonds; unsaturated dont
• What are carbohydrates made of?

  Monosaccharides
• What is an example of a carbohydrate?

  Glycogen
• What are proteins made of?

  Amino acids
• What is the general structure of an amino acid?

  H, H, N-C-C-OH, R
• What are the levels of organization in biology?

  • Abiotic: Atoms → Molecules
  • Biotic: Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organisms
• What are the main components of the digestive system?

  1. Mouth - amylase (carbs)
  2. Esophagus
  3. Stomach - Lipase (lipids) & Protease (proteins)
  4. Small Intestine - Protease, Lipase & Absorption (SAV)
  5. Large Intestine - Water removed
  6. Rectum/Anus - Waste removed
• Why is greater surface area important in the digestive system?

  It aids in absorption and waste removal
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?

  ATP production
• What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

  Detoxification and lipid synthesis
• What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  Protein synthesis and transporting proteins
• What does the Golgi apparatus do?

  Modifying and packaging proteins
• What is the nucleus often referred to as?

  The brain of the cell
• What is the function of ribosomes?

  Protein synthesis