anaerobic

• Anaerobic respiration - key info


  Doesn't use oxygen

  Doesn't involve Link Reaction, Krebs Cycle or Oxidative Phosphorylation

  Two types: 1) alcoholic fermentation 2) lactate fermentation

  Both take place in the cytoplasm both start with Glycolysis

  Differ in which organism they occur in and what happens to pyruvate
• Lactate Fermentation


  Occurs in mammals and produces Lactate

  1. Red. NAD from glycolysis transfers hydrogen to pyruvate to form lactate and NAD
  2. NAD can then be reused in glycolysis
• Lactate Fermentation

  • Production of lactate regenerates NAD. Glycolysis need NAD to take place, this means that glycolysis can continue even when there isn't much oxygen to go around, so a small of ATP can be produced
  • Our cells can tolerate a high level of lactate for short periods of time
  • Too much lactate acid is toxic and is removed from the cells into the blood stream
  • The liver takes the lactate and converts it back into glucose using glucogneogenisis
• Alcoholic Fermentation


  Occurs in yeast cells and can occur in plants

  1. CO2 is removed from pyruvate to form ethanal
  2. Red. NAD (-> glycolysis) transfers hydrogen to ethanal to form ethanol and NAD
  3. NAD can then be reused in glycolysis

  Production ethanol also regenerates NAD so glycolysis can continue when there isn't much oxygen around
• Anaerobic Respiration releases less energy than Aerobic Respiration

  1. The ATP yield is always lower
  2. Because only one energy-releasing stage which only produces 2 ATP per glucose molecules
• Respiratory Substrates 


  Any biologic molecule that can be broken down in respiration to release energy