Paper 2 overall

• What is the decimal number system also known as?

  Base 10
• What number base do computers primarily use?

  Binary (Base 2)
• How many characters are in the hexadecimal system?

  16 characters
• Why is binary used by computers?

  Because transistors can be on or off
• What does hexadecimal allow compared to binary?

  It represents larger numbers more easily
• What is the size of a byte?

  8 bits
• What is 1 kilobyte (KB) in bytes?

  1,024 bytes
• How is binary addition performed?

  By following specific rules for binary digits
• What is the binary result of 1 + 1?

  10
• How do binary shifts work for multiplication?

  Shift digits left and fill with 0s
• What is the purpose of character encoding?

  To store characters as binary numbers
• What does ASCII stand for?

  American Standard Code for Information Interchange
• How many characters does ASCII represent?

  128 characters
• What is the binary representation of the ASCII character 'A'?

  1000001
• What is the main limitation of ASCII?

  It cannot represent all characters and symbols
• What does Unicode provide compared to ASCII?

  A larger character set of 65,536 characters
• What is a pixel?

  A square in a grid representing an image
• What does colour depth refer to?

  The number of bits per pixel used
• How do you calculate the file size of an image?

  Height x Width x Colour Depth / 8
• What is sampling in sound representation?

  Measuring the amplitude of sound over time
• What is the sample rate measured in?

  Hertz (Hz)
• What is the effect of a higher sample rate?

  Better quality sound file, larger file
• What is compression in data storage?

  Reducing file sizes for storage and transmission
• What is the difference between lossy and lossless compression?

  Lossy loses data; lossless retains all data
• What is Huffman coding?

  A lossless compression method using frequency
• What is the purpose of a Huffman tree?

  To assign unique codes to characters
• How is the file size of a sound file calculated?

  Rate x Resolution x Seconds
• What does RLE stand for?

  Run Length Encoding
• What is the main principle of Run Length Encoding?

  It stores frequency/data pairs of repeating values
• What are the physical components of a computer called?

  Hardware
• What is the role of system software?

  To manage the computer system and hardware
• What is an example of an operating system?

  Microsoft Windows
• What does file management allow users to do?

  Find and manage data stored on the computer
• What is multiprogramming?

  Running several programs at the same time
• What is the purpose of user management in an operating system?

  To create and control user access levels
• What is the function of utility software?

  To help with system maintenance and upkeep
• What can file repair software do?

  Detect and recover corrupt files
• What is the purpose of backups?

  To prevent data loss from accidents
• What are the main components of a computer system?

  CPU, main memory, and output devices
• What is the role of device drivers in a computer system?

  They communicate with hardware devices