Humanistic

• What do they believe about humans and free will?

  • Humans are self-determining and have free will.
  • We are active agents who have the ability to determine our own development.
  • General principles about human behaviour are rejected.
• why are general principles about human behaviour rejected?

  they believe psychology should focus on subjective experience rather than general laws.

  (also known as person-centred approach)
• What is self-actualisation?

  The desire to grow psychologically and fulfil ones full potential to become what you are capable of.
• what is maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

  a five-levelled hierarchy in which basic needs need to be satisfied before higher psychological needs can be achieved
• what’s the order of maslows hierarchy of needs starting form the bottom?

  1. physiological needs
  2. safety and security
  3. love and belongingness
  4. self-esteem
  5. self-actualisation
• How does the hierarchy work?

  • All four lower levels must be met before self-actualisation can be worked on.
  • personal growth is an essential part of a human.
  • Not everyone will manage personal growth.
  • Psychological barriers may prevent a person from reaching their full potential
• What is personal growth?

  the developing and changing as a person to become fulfilled, satisfied and goal-orientated
• What is the real self?

  The way an individual sees themselves
• what is the ideal self?

  the person an individual wants to become
• what did rogers say, for personal growth to be achieved?

  • individuals concept of self must have congruence with their ideal self.
• what is congruence?

  when the self-concept and ideal self match
• what happens when there is too big of a gap between ideal self and real self?

  • Person experiences a state of incongruence
  • Self actualisation not possible due to negative feelings of self-worth that arise from incongruence
• what is incongruence?

  when there is a misalignment between the real self and the ideal self
• what did rogers do to reduce the gap between self-concept and ideal self?

  • Developed client-centred therapy.
  • Help people cope with problems of everyday life such as worthlessness or low self-esteem which have roots in childhood.
• what is worthlessness and low self-esteem explained by?

  unconditional love from parents
• what is unconditional love?

  when a parent places limits on their love of their children. This sets up psychological problems for the child in the future.

  (i will only love you if…)
• how was rogers an effective therapist?

  • provided clients with the unconditional positive regard they failed to receive as a child