organisation

• What makes up all living things?

  Cells
• What is a tissue?

  A group of specialized cells with similar functions
• Can tissues be made of more than one type of cell?

  Yes
• Give an example of a type of tissue.

  Muscular tissue
• How are organs formed?

  From different tissues working together
• What is an example of an organ?

  The stomach
• What do organ systems do?

  Work together to perform a function
• What organ system is the stomach part of?

  The digestive system
• What is the function of the digestive system?

  To break down food for absorption
• What do glands in the digestive system produce?

  Digestive juices containing enzymes
• What is the role of the stomach in digestion?

  Produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria
• Where are soluble molecules absorbed in the digestive system?

  The small intestine
• What does the liver produce for digestion?

  Bile
• What is the function of the large intestine?

  Absorbs water from undigested food
• What do enzymes do?

  Increase the rate of reactions without being used up
• What are enzymes made of?

  Protein molecules
• Why is the shape of an enzyme important?

  It determines the enzyme's function
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  The region where the substrate binds
• What does the Lock and Key Hypothesis explain?

  How enzymes and substrates interact
• What happens when the temperature is too high for an enzyme?

  The enzyme becomes denatured
• What is the optimum temperature for most enzymes?

  Around 37 degrees Celsius
• What effect does pH have on enzymes?

  It can denature the enzyme if too high or low
• What is the optimum pH for most enzymes?

  7
• What do carbohydrases convert?

  Carbohydrates into simple sugars
• What is an example of a carbohydrase?

  Amylase
• What do proteases convert?

  Proteins into amino acids
• Where is pepsin produced?

  In the stomach
• What do lipases convert?

  Lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
• Where are lipases produced?

  In the pancreas and small intestine
• What happens to soluble glucose and amino acids after digestion?

  They enter the bloodstream for use
• What is Benedict's test used for?

  Testing for sugars
• What color does iodine turn in the presence of starch?

  Blue-black
• What does the Biuret test indicate?

  The presence of protein
• What happens in the emulsion test for lipids?

  A cloudy layer forms if lipid is present
• What is the role of bile in digestion?

  Neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats
• Where is bile produced and stored?

  Produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder
• What is the purpose of the experiment involving amylase and starch?

  To investigate the effect of pH on enzyme activity
• What color does iodine turn when starch is absent?

  Brown
• How is the rate of reaction calculated in the starch experiment?

  Using the equation 1000/time
• What is the heart's role in the circulatory system?

  Pumps blood around the body