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GCSE PHYSICS
paper 2
space physics
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Charlotte
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Cards (33)
What is at the center of our solar system?
The Sun
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What does heliocentric mean?
Sun-centered
solar system
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Name two dwarf planets that orbit the Sun.
Pluto
and
Ceres
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How is our solar system positioned within the Milky Way galaxy?
It is a small part of the Milky Way
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What mnemonic helps remember the order of the planets?
My
Very
Early
Morning Jam Sandwich
Usually
Nauseates
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What are smaller planets primarily made of?
Rock
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What are larger planets primarily made of?
Gas
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Do all planets rotate at the same speed?
No, they rotate at different
speeds
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Why do larger planets have rings?
Their strong
gravitational field
attracts
debris
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What was the initial model of the solar system called?
Geocentric
model
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What was a key feature of the geocentric model?
Orbits were
perfect circles
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What did Galileo observe that challenged the geocentric model?
Moons
orbiting
Jupiter
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How does the velocity of a planet change as it orbits?
It
is
always
changing
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What happens to a planet's speed as it moves closer to the Sun?
Its
orbital speed
increases
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What is the first step in the life cycle of a star?
A dust and gas cloud
forms
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What causes the dust and gas cloud to become more concentrated?
Gravitational attraction
between
particles
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What happens to temperature and pressure as particles in the cloud get closer?
They
increase
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What occurs when the pressure in the cloud becomes great enough?
Fusion
of gas/dust particles occurs
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What is produced when hydrogen nuclei fuse together?
Helium nuclei
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What does the fusion process create?
A large amount of
energy
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What balances the gravitational collapse of a star?
The energy released from
fusion
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What happens when a star runs out of gas to fuse?
It
collapses
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What occurs if a massive star collapses?
It produces a
supernova
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What remains after a massive star's supernova?
A
neutron star
or
black hole
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What remains after a normal-sized star's collapse?
A
white dwarf
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What does the change in speed of galaxies indicate?
Evidence of an
expanding universe
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How can the expansion of the universe be visualized?
As an expanding balloon with
galaxies
on it
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What happens to the wavelength of light from a galaxy moving away?
It
gets
red-shifted
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What happens to the frequency of light as the wavelength increases?
It
decreases
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What does red shift provide evidence for?
The
universe
is expanding
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What is cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB)?
Radiation from the
early
hot universe
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What happens to the wavelength of radiation as the universe expands?
It
stretches
to
become
microwaves
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Why is the Big Bang model widely accepted?
It accounts for all
experimental
evidence
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