anaphy lab

• muscular system - Its role is to help the body to move, maintain posture and circulate blood through the body.
• muscular system consist of

  skeletal muscle

  smooth muscle

  cardiac muscle
• Muscle tissue consists of fibers of muscle cells connected together in sheets and fibers. Together these sheets and fibers and known as muscles, and control the movements of an organisms as well as many other contractile functions.
• functions of muscular system

  movement

  circulation

  digestion

  stability and posture

  heat generation

  communication

  respiration
• MOVEMENT – muscles allow us to move and perform various activities
• Voluntary movements - are actions you control. You choose to perform an action and your muscles move your body to make it happen. You use your nervous system to control these movements.
• Involuntary movements - happen automatically without you thinking about them. The muscles in and around your organs move involuntarily to keep your body working properly. Your heart beating and muscles in your chest and back moving your ribs when you breathe are examples of involuntary movements.
• CIRCULATION – muscles assist with blood circulation, cardiac muscle contraction, propels blood to body
• DIGESTION – they help move food through the digestive system
• STABILITY and POSTURE - muscles maintain body posture and stability or position
• HEAT GENERATION – muscles regenerate heat.
• COMMUNICATION – oral, written, body language
• RESPIRATION – Thoracic muscles helps in respiration
• SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE

  -          These muscles are attached to the skeleton and help in its movement. They work with our bones, tendons and ligaments to support our weight and move us. 
• Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles composed of muscle fibers.
• (myocardium-the muscle that allows the heart to contract and pump blood to the lungs and body
• cardiac muscle tissue - makes up the middle layers of our heart. It doesn’t exist anywhere else in our body. These are found only in the heart.
• cardiac muscle are involuntary muscles (it beats on its own without our input) and the heart pumps the blood through cardiac contractions.
• Smooth muscles

  are involuntary muscles that line the inside of some organs. They do essential jobs like moving waste through our intestines and helping our lungs expand when we breathe.

  -          Found in the walls of hollow, contracting tubes associated with the body's organs: blood vessels, urinary tract, respiratory, digestive and reproductive organs and tracts.
• axial (muscles of the trunk and head)
• appendicular (muscles of the arms and legs)
• Axial muscles, situated along the body's midline, are intricately connected to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.
• AXIAL MUSCLES

  -          situated along the body's midline, are intricately connected to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.

  -          These muscles facilitate facial expressions and play a crucial role in various head and neck movements, speaking, and eating. They even contribute to controlling the movements of the vertebral column in coordination with the back muscles.
• ORBICULARIS ORIS – circular muscle surrounding the mouth
• – OCCIPITOFRONTALS – muscle with two bellies spanning the top and the back of the head
• – ORBICULARIS OCULI - Circular muscle surrounding the eyes.
• ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR & ZYGOMATI MINOR - One of the main muscles that involved in facial expression, attaching at the corners of the mouth
• – ORBICULARIS OCULI - Circular muscle surrounding the eyes.
• PLATYSMA – Very superficial muscle of the neck.
• The movement of the eyeballs is under the control of the EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLE, which originate outside the eye and insert onto the outer surface of the white of the eye.
• Muscle that moves the lower Jaw - The MASSETER is the main muscle used for chewing because it elevates the mandible to close the mouth, and it is assisted by the temporalis muscle, which retracts the mandible
• Your hypoglossal nerve enables tongue movement. It controls your hyoglossus, intrinsic, genioglossus and styloglossus muscles. These muscles help you speak, swallow and move substances around in your mouth
• A.      Muscle that moves the Head - Sternocleidomastoid (SCM): Unilateral contraction produces lateral flexion of the neck on the same side and lateral rotation of the head to the opposite side. Bilateral contraction produces flexion of the neck, drawing the head towards the chest.
• Muscle of the posterior neck & the back the back - The posterior neck muscles primarily control head movement; back muscles stabilize and move the vertebral column. The splenius muscles extend, laterally flex, and rotate the head and neck.
• Muscle of the Abdomen - Four abdominal muscle groups work together, with three layers visible (external, internal obliques, transversus abdominis), to allow trunk movement and protect organs. Rectus abdominis muscles run vertically
• Muscle of the Thorax - Chest muscles facilitate breathing by changing the thorax cavity size. Observe your own body: Inhale, noting rib and chest expansion; exhale, noting the decrease in size. Abdominal muscles contracting and relaxing also affect breathing
• Muscle of the Pelvic Floor & Perineum - The pelvic floor is a muscular sheet forming the pelvic cavity's base.
• The levator ani, the most important muscle, supports pelvic viscera and resists pressure produced by abdominal muscles during defecation. It also assists in childbirth.
• The iliococcygeus creates skeletal muscle sphincters at the urethra and anus.
• APPENDICULAR MUSCLES

  -          are predominantly associated with the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and limbs.

  -          These muscles provide stability and support and actively contribute to the body's movement during activities like walking, running, and various physical actions.