20.1 Gene mutations

• What does mRNA stand for?

  Messenger RNA
• What is the primary role of mRNA?

  Acts as a messenger between DNA and protein
• What happens during transcription?

  DNA is transcribed into mRNA
• Why can't DNA leave the nucleus?

  It serves as a genetic template
• What does tRNA stand for?

  Transfer RNA
• What is the unique shape of tRNA?

  It forms a distinct T-like shape
• What is the function of tRNA during translation?

  Brings amino acids together to form proteins
• What does rRNA stand for?

  Ribosomal RNA
• What is the role of rRNA in ribosomes?

  Main component of ribosomes
• How does rRNA combine with proteins?

  Forms ribosomes that read mRNA
• What is the process of protein synthesis involving mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?

  1. DNA is transcribed into mRNA.
  2. mRNA exits the nucleus to ribosomes.
  3. Ribosomes, made of rRNA and proteins, read mRNA.
  4. tRNA brings appropriate amino acids.
  5. Amino acids are linked to form proteins.
• How do ribosomes contribute to protein synthesis?

  They read mRNA and assemble amino acids
• What is the relationship between mRNA and the ribosome?


  Ribosomes read mRNA to form proteins
• What is the end product of the translation process?

  A protein is synthesized
• What happens to sections of DNA during transcription?

  They are transcribed into mRNA
• If you wanted to study the role of tRNA in protein synthesis, what would you focus on?

  Its function in bringing amino acids
• How does the structure of tRNA facilitate its function?

  Its T-like shape allows amino acid binding