Basic Tissues

• What is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the body?

  Cell
• What is a collection of cells that perform a particular function?

  Tissue
• What consists of multiple tissues that work together?

  Organ
• What is a group of organs with a collective function called?

  System
• What is one complete individual referred to as?

  Organism
• What are the basic types of tissues?

  • Epithelia tissue
  • Connective tissue
  • Muscle tissue
  • Nervous tissue
• What characterizes epithelial tissue?

  Loosely-packed cells supported by a basement membrane
• How is epithelia classified?

  • Based on the number of cell layers
  • Based on the shape of cells
• What is the term for one layer of cells in epithelia?

  Simple
• What is the term for two or more layers of cells in epithelia?

  Stratified
• What shape are squamous cells?

  Flat
• What shape are cuboidal cells?

  Cube
• What shape are columnar cells?

  Rectangle
• What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

  Exchange of nutrients and gases
• What type of epithelium is found in the skin?

  Keratinised stratified squamous
• What is the function of keratinised stratified squamous epithelium?

  Protection and barrier
• What type of epithelium is found in the oral cavity?

  Non keratinised stratified squamous
• What is the major function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

  Secretion and absorption
• Where is simple cuboidal epithelium located?

  Glands and kidney tubules
• What is the major function of simple columnar epithelium?

  Absorption and secretion
• Where is simple columnar epithelium located?

  Gastrointestinal tract
• What modification do simple columnar epithelial cells have?

  Microvilli
• What characterizes pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

  Some cells don’t reach free surface
• What is the function of cilia in pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

  Mucociliary escalator
• Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium located?

  Trachea and respiratory airways
• What are the types of intercellular junctions?

  • Desmosomes: resist stretching and twisting
  • Tight junctions: prevent passage of water and solutes
  • Hemidesmosomes: stabilize and anchor cells
  • Gap junctions: allow movement of small molecules and ions
• What are the functions of connective tissue?

  • Provides structure
  • Surrounds other tissues
  • Protects delicate organs
• What cells synthesize the extracellular matrix in connective tissue?

  Fibroblasts
• What are the components of the extracellular matrix?

  • Ground substance
  • Tissue
  • Fibres
• What are examples of specialized connective tissue?

  • Blood
  • Bone
  • Cartilage
• What are the types of muscle tissue?

  • Skeletal
  • Smooth
  • Cardiac
• What is the primary function of muscle tissue?

  Specialized for contraction
• What do all types of muscle tissue have in common?

  Numerous mitochondria and contractile elements
• What is the function of skeletal muscle?

  Stabilizes skeleton
• What type of muscle is striated and multinucleated?

  Skeletal
• Where is smooth muscle found?

  Walls of organs and blood vessels
• What is the function of smooth muscle?

  Gastrointestinal movement and alters diameter of airways
• What is the function of cardiac muscle?

  Maintains blood pressure
• What type of muscle is striated and branched?

  Cardiac
• What type of muscle is non-striated?

  Smooth