Research methods

• define IV


  the thing that's changed by the experiment
• define dv


  participants behaviour, measured by the experimenter( the effect)
• what are the 2 types of conditions in experiments

  experimental and control
• define operationalization of variables


  Turning your variables into a measurable form and being specific about how you're measuring the DV and manipulating variables
• What an extraneous variable


  Anything that could influence the participant's performance or behaviour that needs to be controlled
• what are the 2 types of extraneous variables


  situational and participant
• what's a situational variable


  something in the environment that could affect the results of the study like weather or time of day
• define participant variables


  anything in the participants that could affect their behaviour in the study like age or IQ
• How can you get rid of participant variables


  use matched pairs for IQ
• define confounding variable


  Variables other than the IV that have affected the DV- confounding the results
• why do extraneous and confounding variables matter


  extraneous variables can become confounding variables if not controlled from the start which decreases internal validity
• define hypothesis


  testable statement
• whats an alternative hypothesis


  predict results will be significant
• what are the 2 types of alternative hypothesis


  experimental and correlational
• define experimental hypothesis


  these predict how the change in the IV will significantly affect the DV
• define correlational hypothesis


  predicts a relationship between 2 co-variables
• what can both alternative hypothesis be


  non-directional (two-tailed) and directional

  (one-tailed)
• what is the alternative hypothesis tested by


  the null
• what is a non-directional experiment


  predict there is going to be a difference but don't predict what the change will be
• define null hypothesis


  the prediction that no significant result will be found or that the finding was just due to chance
• what is the experimental null


  there'll be no significant difference between conditions 1 and 2 in their DV and any difference found is due to chance
• define correlational null


  there will be no significant relationship between variable 1 and 2 and any relationship found will be due to chance