neuroscience

• What is cognitive neuroscience?

  The study of the neural basis of cognitive processes
• Who identified that damage to the frontal lobe could permanently impair speech production in the 1860s?

  Paul Broca
• Which neuroscientist's research located the areas responsible for different types of long-term memory?

  Tulving
• What new tool has been incorporated into cognitive neuroscience in recent years to study brain activity?

  Computer models
• How do cognitive neuroscientists study atypical brains?

  • Locate brain injuries using scans
  • Patients undergo cognitive tasks
  • Observe task performance to infer functions of damaged areas
• Which mental processes do cognitive neuroscientists study?

  • Memory
  • Attention
  • Perception
• How are imaging techniques used in cognitive neuroscience for treatment?

  Locate different types of memory in specific brain areas to develop treatments for memory problems
• Which mental disorders are studied using scanning/imaging in cognitive neuroscience?

  • Depression
  • OCD
  • Autism
  • Dyslexia
• How are computer simulations used in cognitive neuroscience?

  • Test theories
  • Hypothesize about mental processes
  • Study attention, memory, problem-solving
• What are the key steps in the emergence of cognitive neuroscience?

  1. 1860s: Paul Broca identifies speech impairments from frontal lobe damage
  2. Last 20 years: Advances in FMRI and PET scanning
  3. Systematic observation: Neurobiological basis of mental processes using scans
  4. Blood flow detection: FMRI measures brain activity through blood flow changes
  5. 3D imaging: Produce detailed visual representations of brain activity
  6. Memory studies: Locate types of long-term memory (episodic vs. semantic) in specific areas
• What term describes the debate about reducing complex behaviours to basic mental processes?

  Reductionist
• What is the reductionist approach in cognitive neuroscience?

  • Reduces behavior to basic mental processes
  • Focuses on how mental processes interact to create behavior
  • Does not consider broader factors
• How does the humanistic approach differ from the cognitive approach in explaining phobias?

  • Cognitive: Focuses on mental processes and their interactions to understand phobic behavior
  • Humanistic: Considers the whole person including thoughts, feelings, emotions, family background, and unique experiences
  • Argues against reducing to simple mediational processes