HEMA

• What should be done if a patient has a post-mastectomy site?

  Find another site to collect blood
• What is the purpose of using a sterile gauze pad after blood collection?

  To apply pressure and absorb blood
• How does the composition of skin puncture blood differ from venous blood?

  Skin puncture blood has higher glucose levels
• What should be done immediately after blood collection?

  Apply pressure to the puncture site
• How does the use of a tourniquet affect venipuncture?

  It restricts venous flow for easier access
• How does the composition of arterial blood differ from venous blood?

  Arterial blood is more uniform and oxygen-rich
• What color stopper is used for heparin?

  Green
• What is the mechanism of serum separator tubes?

  Enhance coagulation
• How should patients be identified when conscious?

  By asking for their full name
• What is the recommended distance for tourniquet placement above the antecubital area?

  1. 4 inches
• Why should the site be cleaned and air-dried before venipuncture?

  To avoid contaminating the specimen
• What defines medical waste?

  Waste that may transmit infectious diseases
• What is the concentration of EDTA in blood?

  1. 2 mg per mL
• What is the primary use of EDTA?

  Hematology tests
• What is the depth of the area between the lines in the hemacytometer?

  0.1 mm
• What is the difference between RBC and WBC pipettes?

  • RBC pipette has a larger dilution.
  • RBC pipette includes a bead for mixing.
• What are the correlations of high and low RBC counts?

  High RBC Count:

  • Polycythemia Vera
  • Tumor secreting EPO

  
  

  Low RBC Count:

  • Iron deficiency anemia
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
• What is the concentration of sodium fluoride mentioned?

  2 mg/mL
• What is the mechanism of action for heparin?

  It acts as an anti-thrombin
• What is the rule for counting RBCs touching the borders?

  Include those touching top and left borders
• What does heparin inhibit?

  Thrombin formation
• Why should blood not be drawn from an arm with an IV line?

  It can contaminate or dilute the blood sample
• What is the role of anticoagulants in blood culture tubes?

  To prevent clotting and isolate bacteria
• What are ergonomic hazards in the lab?

  Repetitive strain disorders from manual tasks
• What should be done with the needle and tube holder after use?

  Discard them in a sharps container
• What is the maximum time a tourniquet should be applied?

  One minute
• What are the immediate local complications of venipuncture?

  • Hemoconcentration or venous stasis
  • Syncope or fainting
  • Failure of blood to enter syringes
• What is the purpose of pipette charging in RBC counting?

  To prepare a dilution for counting
• What is the purpose of letting the counting chamber stand for 4 minutes?

  To allow RBC to settle
• What does packed cell volume (PCV) measure?

  The volume occupied by RBCs in blood
• What is prohibited in the laboratory?

  Eating, drinking, and applying cosmetics
• What process increases glucose levels due to fermentation of bacteria?

  Glycolysis
• What occurs in the tensed state of hemoglobin?

  2,3-DPG forms salt link bridges
• What are the categories of exposure for employees?

  • Category I: Regular exposure to hazards
  • Category II: Occasional exposure to hazards
  • Category III: No occupational exposure to hazards
• What is the principle of the Cyanmethemoglobin Method?

  Hemoglobin is converted to methemoglobin
• Why should foul-smelling chemicals not be disposed of down the drain?

  They can cause environmental hazards
• Why is it important to wipe the pipette tip?

  Excess blood could interfere with results
• What is the role of 2,3-DPG in hemoglobin function?

  Regulates oxygen affinity of hemoglobin
• What is the stopper color for EDTA tubes?

  Lavender
• What is the fire triangle?

  Elements essential for fire: fuel, heat, oxygen