Moss/Ferns

• Non-Vascular plants are called:

  Bryophytes
• Bryophytes include:


  Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts
• The dominant form of a bryophyte is:

  The Gametophyte Generation
• Bryophytes lack what?


  Vascular tissues and a transport system
• Bryophytes rely heavily on ____

  Diffusion
• What are Rhizoids?


  Rhizoids are comparable to roots but are only used for anchorage, they are NOT true roots
• Male flagellated sperm is produced in the _____

  Antheridia , antheridium
• Female egg is produced in the _____

  Archegonia , archegonium
• After the Gametophyte generation, they go into the _______

  Sporophyte generation
• The sporophyte generation in a bryophyte:

  1.) Grows out of the archegonia

  2.) Consists of a foot, seta, and a sporangium

  3.) Produce a protonema when germinating
• When moss sperms germinate they produce:

  Protonema
• Protonema will produce ____ and then produce ____


  1.) Buds

  2.) Gametophores (Gametophyte buds)
• Seedless Vascular Plants are grouped into 2 groups:

  Lycophytes and Monilophytes
• The _____ generation becomes the dominant phasein seedless vascular plants

  Sporophyte (2n)
• Every plant from now (seedless vascular, and seeded) are Sporophyte generation dominant
• Gametophytes from now (seedless vascular, seeded) will by tiny plants that grow on/below soil
• Seedless vascular plants are still:


  Reliant on water
• Seedless Vascular Plants now have:

  1.) leaves (frond in ferns)

  2.) Sporophylls

  3.) vascular tissues
• There are 2 types of vascular tissues:

  Xylem (water and nutrients) and Phloem(distributes sugar, amino acids, etc.)
• Leaves in plants are ____ that increase the ____ to help capture more ____

  1.) organs

  2.) surface area

  3.) Photosynthesis
• What are sporophylls?


  Sporophylls are modified leaves with sporangia (they may or may not look like a 'photosynthetic leaf')
• what is a Strobili?

  A modified leaf with sporangia that is in the shape of a cone (ex: pine cones)
• In Bryophytes:


  Sporophyte generation is dependent on the Gametophyte generation, the Gametophyte gen. being independent