Angiosperms

• What are angiosperms?

  Vascular seed plants that produce flowers
• What do the ovaries in angiosperms enclose?

  One or more egg-producing ovules
• What does the ovary become in angiosperms?

  The fruit
• What are the basic parts of a flower?

  Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpel
• What is the function of sepals in a flower?

  Protection for the flower bud
• Why are petals often brightly colored?

  To attract pollinators
• What are stamens in a flower?

  The male reproductive part
• What two parts make up the stamen?

  Filament and anther
• What does the anther produce?

  Microspores that develop into pollen grains
• What is the female part of the flower called?

  Carpel
• What are the three parts of the carpel?

  Stigma, style, and ovary
• What is the function of the stigma?

  To collect pollen
• What happens to the ovules after fertilization?

  They become seeds
• What generation produces sexual spores in angiosperms?

  The sporophyte generation
• What is the male gametophyte in angiosperms?

  The pollen grain
• Where do pollen grains develop?

  Within the microsporangia in anthers
• What process do diploid cells undergo to produce microspores?

  Meiosis
• How many cells does each pollen grain contain?

  Two cells
• What are the two types of cells in a pollen grain?

  Generative cell and tube cell
• What does the generative cell in a pollen grain produce?

  Two sperm cells
• What does the tube cell in a pollen grain develop into?

  The pollen tube
• What does the megasporangium contain?

  One large diploid cell
• What happens to the diploid cell in the megasporangium?

  It divides by meiosis
• How many megaspores survive after meiosis?

  One megaspore survives
• What does the megaspore divide to form?

  The embryo sac
• What types of cells are produced from the embryo sac?

  Antipodal cells, polar nuclei, synergids, and an egg
• What is the role of antipodal cells?

  To provide nourishment to the embryo sac
• What is the function of synergids?

  To guide the pollen tube to the egg
• What are the key processes in angiosperm reproduction?

  1. Pollen grain development in anthers
  2. Microspores produced by meiosis
  3. Pollen grains contain generative and tube cells
  4. Megasporangium produces megaspores by meiosis
  5. One megaspore survives and forms the embryo sac
  6. Fertilization requires pollen transfer to stigma
• What are the differences between male and female gametophytes in angiosperms?

  • Male gametophyte: Pollen grain, develops in anthers
  • Female gametophyte: Embryo sac, develops in ovules
  • Male contains generative and tube cells
  • Female contains antipodal cells, polar nuclei, synergids, and an egg
• What do microspores develop into?

  Pollen grains
• What process forms microspores in plants?

  Meiosis
• What is the male gametophyte in plants?

  Pollen grain
• What do ovules contain that produces megaspores?

  Megasporangia
• How many megaspores are produced by meiosis?

  Four megaspores
• How many megaspores survive to form an embryo sac?

  One megaspore
• What is the female gametophyte called?

  Embryo sac
• What cells are contained in the embryo sac?

  Synergids, polar nuclei, and an egg
• What does the pollen tube do?

  Extends down the style to the ovule
• What happens when two sperm cells enter the embryo sac?

  One fertilizes the egg, one forms endosperm