CARDIOPULMO

• Heart is located within the thoracic cavity, medially between the lungs in the space known as the mediastinum.

  • more prominent on the right side
• Heart is separated from the other mediastinal structures by a tough membrane known as the pericardium and sits in its own space called the pericardial cavity.

  • protects the heart (proximate to the lungs so important that it has covering since it is expanding an contracting
  • no covering = friction between organs = inflammation
  • pericardial fluid (maintains smooth contraction of the heart)
• The right side of the heart is deflected anteriorly, and the left side is deflected posteriorly.
• Base → Superior surface of the heart

  Apex → Inferior tip of the heart
• Right Atrium = receives deoxygenated blood mainly coming from great vessels of body

  (Superior Vena Cava = upper extremities; Inferior Vena Cava = lower extremities.
• Tricuspid valve = Passage way of blood from right atrium to right ventricle
• Pulmonic/Pulmonary valve = Passage way of blood from right ventricle to lungs (*will pass the pulmonary artery)
• Vein = Deoxygenated blood (bluish in cadavers)

  Artery = Oxygenated Blood (reddish in cadavers)
• Exception in pulmonary vessels

  • pulmonary artery = carries deoxygenated blood so that it carries the blood to the lungs so it can be perfused to be oxygenated
  • Diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the pulmonary artery = oxygenated blood
  • Oxygenated blood goes back to the heart via the pulmonary vein
  • Pulmonary Artery = Deoxygenated blood; Pulmonary Vein = Oxygenated blood
• Another exception = Fetal Circulation: Umbilical artery = deoxygenated; Umbilical vein = oxygenated (nice to know for now)
• Left Atrium = Oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein goes back to the heart via the Left Atrium
• Bicuspid/Mitral Valve = Passage way of blood from left atrium to the left ventricle
• Left Ventricle = Pumps blood to the systemic circulation (Aorta) but passes valve first
• Aortic Valve = Passage way of blood from left ventricle to Aorta
• Aorta = Send blood to different parts of the body
• Atrioventricular Valves

  • Tricuspid valve (right side)
  • Mitral valve (left side)

  *can be seen between atrium and ventricles
• AV Contains: 

  • Cusps: flexible flaps of endocardium reinforced with connective tissue.
  • Chordae tendineae: collagen cords that anchor the cusps to papillary muscles.
  • Papillary muscles: nipplelike structures that protrude from the ventricular walls into the ventricular cavity
• Semilunar Valves

  • Pulmonary Valve (between right ventricle and Pulmonary Artery)
  • Aortic Valve (between ;eft ventricle and Aorta)
  • Composed of: three pocketlike, half-moon shaped cusps.
• • Right Coronary Artery = Supplies the right atrium and ventricle and some parts of the back of the heart.
• • Left Coronary Artery: Divides into two parts
  • Left Anterior Descending Artery = Front side (Anterior)

  =Supplies left ventricle and anterior part of the heart

  • Left Circumflex Artery

  =Farther Left side

  =Supplies also some parts of left atrium and ventricle but also some parts of the back left side of the heart
• Three Layers of the heart:

  • Endocardium (Inside)
  • Myocardium (Middle and Muscular part which allies heart contract)
  • Epicardium (Outer part)