Componet 2 School

• What is an algorithm?

  A set of steps to solve a problem
• What does 'input' refer to in an algorithm?

  Data given to the algorithm by the user
• What are 'processes' in an algorithm?

  Steps taken to solve the problem
• What does 'output' refer to in an algorithm?

  Data given back to the user
• What is abstraction in computational thinking?

  • Making a model of a situation
  • Analyzing the model for insights
• What is decomposition in computational thinking?

  • Breaking down complex problems
  • Simplifying the problem-solving process
• What is algorithmic thinking?

  • Creating a model of a real-life situation
  • Defining a solution through steps
• What do variables in a program represent?

  Real values
• What do functions in a program represent?

  A group of actions producing a result
• What are the advantages of decomposition in programming?

  • Work on individual parts separately
  • Use a team for large problems
• What are examples of algorithms?

  • Flowcharts
  • Pseudocode
  • Trace Tables
  • Structure Diagrams
• What do flowcharts represent in algorithms?

  The flow of data, processing, and input/output

  
• What do standard flowchart symbols represent?

  • Line: Flow of data
  • Process: Action performed
  • Input/Output: Data entry/exit
  • Decision: Conditional branching
  • Terminal: Start/End of flowchart

  
• What is a trace table used for?

  Tracking variable changes in an algorithm
• How do you draw a trace table?

  Create a column for each variable used
• What is pseudocode?

  • Not an actual programming language
  • Follows a similar structure to programming languages
  • Clearly shows algorithm steps
• What is the output of the pseudocode example with num and n?

  9
• What is a linear search?

  Looks at each item until the target is found
• What is a binary search?

  Divides the data list in half repeatedly
• What is a bubble sort?

  Compares pairs of values and swaps them
• What is the method of a bubble sort?

  • Compare pairs of values
  • Swap if different
  • Repeat until no swaps
• What is an insertion sort?

  Inserts each item into the correct place
• What is the method of an insertion sort?

  1. Split into ordered and unordered
  2. Insert each item into the correct place
  3. Repeat until all items are sorted
• What is a merge sort?

  A two-stage sorting algorithm
• What is the method of a merge sort?

  1. Split data into sublists
  2. Merge sublists in sorted order
  3. Repeat until one sorted list remains
• What is a variable in programming?

  A label for a memory location
• What is a constant in programming?

  A label for an unchangeable value
• What is assignment in programming?

  Setting a value to a variable or constant
• What is declaration in programming?

  Identifying a variable or constant
• What are the types of program structures?

  • Sequence: Instructions in order
  • Selection: Conditional paths (IF, THEN)
  • Iteration: Repeating instructions
• What are comparison operators?

  • == Equal To
  • <> Not Equal To
  • < Less Than
  • > Greater Than
  • <= Less Than or Equal To
  • >= Greater Than or Equal To
• What are arithmetic operators?

  • + Addition
  • - Subtraction
  • * Multiplication
  • / Division
  • ^ Exponentiation
  • DIV Quotient
  • MOD Modulus
• What are Boolean operators?

  • AND: Both conditions true
  • OR: Either condition true
  • NOT: Reverses outcome
• What is a count-controlled loop?

  Repeats a loop a known number of times
• What is a condition-controlled loop?

  Repeats until a certain condition is met
• How would you write a For…Next loop to print "Hello World" 5 times?

  for i=1 to 5 print("Hello World") next i
• How would you write a While…End While loop to print "Hello World" until counter reaches 5?

  while counter <= 5 print("Hello World") counter = counter + 1 endwhile
• How would you write a Do…Until loop to print "Hello World" until counter reaches 5?

  do print("Hello World") counter = counter + 1 until counter > 5
• What is required for the overall condition to be true in logical operations?

  Both conditions must be true.
• What does the NOT operator do in comparisons?

  It reverses the outcome of a comparison.