DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
A single nucleotide (generic):
The phosphate group at the 5* carbon of the pentose sugar (5') of one nucleotide forms a covalent bond with the hydroxyl (OH) group at the third carbon (3') of the pentose sugar from the adjacent nucleotide.
These bonds are called phosphodiester bonds
This forms a strong sugar phosphate backbone with a base attached to each sugar
What are the different features of DNA and RNA?
DNA: Double stranded, Deoxyribose sugar, GACT
RNA: Single stranded, Ribose Sugar, GACU
Purines and Pyrimidines:
What is the structure of ATP?
Energy stored in the bonds
How does ATP release energy?
ATP transfers energy within cells by undergoing hydrolysis, which releases energy that can be used by the cell. This process involves the breaking of one of the phosphate bonds in ATP, which releases energy that can be used by the cell.
The instability in the phosphate bonds in ATP means that it is not a good long-term energy store. Fats and carbohydrates are much better for this. This is why ATP is a good immediate energy store.
What are the properties of ATP?
Unstable > Energy is released quickly
Soluble > Reactions occur in an aqueous environment
