DNA replication

• What is DNA replication?

  The process of copying genetic information to create identical DNA molecules during cell division
• Why is DNA replication crucial for cell division?

  It ensures each new cell receives an identical set of chromosomes
• What is the role of DNA Polymerase in DNA replication?

  Synthesizes new DNA strands
• What enzyme unwinds and separates DNA strands during replication?

  Helicase
• What are the steps involved in DNA unwinding and strand separation?

  1. Helicase binds to the DNA double helix
  2. Helicase unwinds and separates the DNA strands
  3. Single-strand binding proteins stabilize the unwound strands
  4. Formation of a replication fork
• What does DNA polymerase do during DNA synthesis?

  Adds nucleotides one by one to synthesize new DNA strands
• What happens if an incorrect nucleotide is added during DNA synthesis?

  The exonuclease removes the incorrect nucleotide
• What occurs during the termination of DNA replication?

  1. Replication fork reaches the end of the chromosome
  2. Leading strand synthesizes continuously until the end
  3. Lagging strand fills gaps with the final Okazaki fragment
  4. Ligase seals the DNA strands together
• Which enzyme seals the final Okazaki fragment during DNA replication termination?

  Ligase