sampling

• sampling


  the process of gaining a sample
• sample


  the participants who are a subgroup from the target population
• sampling frame


  a list of everyone from which the sample is selected
• What is event sampling?

  Recording every occurrence of specific behaviors
• What is time sampling?

  Recording behaviors during a set time frame
• What are the strengths of event sampling and time sampling?

  • Ensures specific behaviors are recorded
  • Allows flexibility in recording relevant behaviors
  • Captures unexpected behaviors for future research
• What are the limitations of event sampling and time sampling?

  • Event sampling may miss complex behaviors
  • Time sampling can overlook behaviors outside set times
• What must researchers identify at the beginning of the research process?

  The target population
• What is a target population?

  The specific group researchers want to study
• What is random sampling?

  A sampling technique with least bias
• What are the strengths of random sampling?

  • Eliminates researcher bias
  • Results should be representative
  • Findings can be generalized to the target population
• What are the limitations of random sampling?

  • Time-consuming and impractical
  • May result in a non-representative sample
• What is systematic sampling?

  Selecting every nth person from a list
• How is the sampling interval calculated in systematic sampling?

  By dividing population size by sample size
• What does a representative sample mean in research?

  It reflects the target population accurately
• Why is generalization important in research findings?

  It allows findings to apply to the target population
• What is a limitation of random sampling?

  It can be time-consuming and impractical
• What is a potential issue with participants in random sampling?

  Not everyone may want to participate
• What can result from random sampling?

  A non-representative sample may occur
• How can random sampling lead to an unbalanced sample?

  It may select only one demographic group
• What does systematic sampling involve?

  Selecting every nth person from a list
• If a population is 100,000 and a sample of 2,500 is needed, what is the sampling interval?

  $40$
• What is a strength of systematic sampling?

  It is an unbiased sampling technique
• Why is systematic sampling considered more representative?

  It reduces researcher bias in selection
• What is a limitation of systematic sampling?

  It can still be influenced by hidden traits
• What is stratified sampling?

  Dividing the population into key characteristics
• How is a representative sample created in stratified sampling?

  By sampling within each category proportionally
• What is a strength of stratified sampling?

  It ensures the sample is representative
• What is a limitation of stratified sampling?

  It can be time-consuming to gather data
• What does opportunity sampling involve?

  Sampling those present and willing at the time
• What is another name for opportunity sampling?

  Convenience sampling
• What is a strength of opportunity sampling?

  It is quick and easy to obtain participants
• What is a limitation of opportunity sampling?

  It cannot be generalized to the wider population
• What is volunteer sampling?

  Participants actively choose to take part
• What is another name for volunteer sampling?

  Self-selecting sampling
• What is a strength of volunteer sampling?

  Participants are likely to be enthusiastic
• What is a limitation of volunteer sampling?

  It can lead to volunteer bias in results