ethical isues

• What is the purpose of ethical considerations in psychological research?

  To protect participants and researchers
• Who publishes the code of conduct for psychologists in the UK?

  The British Psychological Society (BPS)
• What are the four key ethical principles in the BPS code of conduct?

  Respect, Competence, Responsibility, Integrity
• What is the role of ethics committees in universities and research institutions?

  To review research proposals for ethical compliance
• Why should researchers conduct a cost-benefit analysis before research?

  To evaluate the impact on participants
• What ethical dilemma might arise regarding participant deception in research?

  Balancing study aims with participant protection
• What information should participants receive for informed consent?

  Details about the task and potential hazards
• What is required if participants are under 16 years old?

  Parental consent must be obtained
• Who cannot give informed consent?

  Those under the influence of drugs or alcohol
• What was a key issue in Milgram's obedience study regarding consent?

  Participants were misled about the study's aim
• What is the right to withdraw in research?

  Participants can leave the study at any time
• What happens to data from participants who withdraw?

  It is destroyed along with personal details
• What issue arose in Zimbardo's prison study regarding withdrawal?

  Participants felt pressured to stay in the study
• What constitutes deception in research?

  Providing false information about the study
• Why might mild deception be necessary in research?

  To preserve the integrity of the study's aim
• What is prior general consent?

  Participants agree to be deceived without specifics
• What is presumptive consent?

  Consent from similar individuals to gauge acceptance
• What is retrospective consent?

  Asking for consent after the research is done
• What must researchers ensure regarding participant protection?

  Protection from physical, psychological, or emotional harm
• What harm did participants experience in Milgram's study?

  Stress, anxiety, and some seizures
• What psychological harm did Zimbardo's study cause?

  Participants experienced psychological distress and trauma
• What should researchers consider to protect participants from harm?

  All possible negative outcomes of participation
• What does privacy refer to in research ethics?

  Invasion of an individual's private space
• What ethical violation occurred in Dickerson et al.'s study?

  Participants' privacy was invaded without consent
• What does confidentiality ensure in research?

  Participants' data is not disclosed outside research
• What happened to HM's identity after his death?

  His identity was made public with family consent
• What should published research avoid revealing?

  Identities and specific locations of participants