CARDIOVASCULAR REGULATION

• Cardiovascular Regulation

  • Refers to the mechanisms that control and maintain the blood pressure, cardiac output, and vascular resistance to ensure adequate tissue perfusion and meet the body's changing demands for oxygen and nutrients.
• The primary factors involved in cardiovascular regulation: 

  1. Heart rate and contractility (determining cardiac output)
  2. Vascular tone (controlling systemic vascular resistance) 
  3. Blood volume and distribution
• Mechanisms:

  • Neural regulation 
  • Hormonal regulation 
  • Local regulation 
  • Long-term regulation