Nasal Cavity

•  Inside the nasal cavity are curved shelves of bone called conchae or turbinates.
• • The surface of these conchae are lined with ciliated respiratory epithelium (lining of nasal cavity that contains hair-like structure), which secretes mucus and fluid.
• Nasal cavity is the first line of defense before harmfull microorganisms can enter the lungs, nasal cavity traps them through cillia.
• Mucus serves as a protection for the respiratory system, it traps microorganisms through the nasal cavity by the help of the ciliated respiratory epithelium.
• Turbinates increase the turbulence of inspiration and its curved shape regulates the air that enters the nasal cavity.
• Conchae, aside from filtering, it also warms and humidifies the air entering your lungs.
• The lungs will only conduct or facilitate diffusion if the air is warm and humidified because cold, thick, and thin air are difficult to diffuse and facilitates harder gas exchange.
• The oral cavity is very straightforward and does not contain any conchae that can filter and humidify the air entering the body. Microorganisms can enter the body easily because this has no filter.
• The oral cavity also can’t warm or humidify the air therefore it is harder for the lungs to diffuse the air.
• The pharynx is located posterior to the nasal and oral cavities. It is a common pathway for the respiratory and digestive tracts, allowing both air and food to pass.
• The pharynx contains three specific pairs of tonsils (mounds of lymphatic tissue involved in the immune response). Swelling of the tonsils can interfere with breathing, swallowing, and can lead to recurrent ear and sinus infections.
• • Inflamed tonsils can block the trachea and pharynx, preventing proper airflow and food passage.
• 2 times a year of tonsillitis is normal. However if it is 3-5 times a year or even 2 times a month, you need to go see a doctor because that may lead to obstruction.
• Tonsillectomy is tonsil removal
• Larynx

  It is a short tube consisting of several cartilages connected by ligaments and muscles. It also contains the vocal fold (chords) that are needed for sound protection.