Nomenclature

• What type of bonds do alkanes contain?

  Single bonds only
• What is the molecular formula for propane?

  C₃H₈
• What is the characteristic feature of alkenes?

  Contain C=C double bonds
• What is the molecular formula for ethane?

  C₂H₆
• What is the characteristic feature of alkynes?

  Contain C≡C triple bonds
• What is the molecular formula for butane?

  C₄H₁₀
• What is the molecular formula for hexane?

  C₆H₁₄
• What is the general formula for simple alkanes?

  C_nH_2n+2
• What are the steps to find the parent chain in alkanes?

  1. Find the longest chain of carbon atoms.
  2. If chains are equal, choose the one with more branches.
• How do you determine the numbering of substituents in branched chain alkanes?

  Start from the end nearest the first branch point
• What should you do if two substituents are on the same carbon?

  Give them the same number
• What are the rules for writing the name of branched chain alkanes?

  • Write as one word.
  • Use hyphens for prefixes.
  • Use commas for numbers.
  • List substituents alphabetically.
  • Use di, tri, etc., for identical groups.
• What is the prefix for a three-carbon substituent?

  Propyl
• What is the prefix for a six-carbon substituent?

  Hexyl
• How do you name cycloalkanes?

  Add the prefix cyclo to the straight-chain alkane
• What is the rule for numbering substituent positions in cycloalkanes?

  Get the lowest number count for substituents
• What are the steps to follow in naming alkenes and alkynes?

  1. Find the longest carbon chain with C=C or C≡C.
  2. Number the carbon atoms from the end closer to the multiple bond.
  3. Write the full name, numbering substituents and listing them alphabetically.

  
• What is the relationship designation for 1,2-disubstituted benzenes?

  Ortho (o)
• What is the relationship designation for 1,3-disubstituted benzenes?

  Meta (m)
• What is the relationship designation for 1,4-disubstituted benzenes?

  Para (p)
• What are the common names of some aromatic compounds?

  • Ortho (o)
  • Meta (m)
  • Para (p)
• What is the name of the compound with the formula 2-methylhex-3-yne?

  2-methylhex-3-yne
• What is the name of the compound (E)-hex-2-ene?

  (E)-hex-2-ene
• What are the steps to name alkenes and alkynes?

  1. Find the longest carbon chain with C-C multiple bonds.
  2. Number the carbon atoms from the end closer to the multiple bond.
  3. Write the full name, numbering substituents and indicating the position of the multiple bond.

  
• What is the relationship name for a 1,2 substituted benzene?

  Ortho (o)
• What is the relationship name for a 1,3 substituted benzene?

  Meta (m)
• What is the relationship name for a 1,4 substituted benzene?

  Para (p)
• What is the common name for the group CH2=CH?

  Ethenyl or vinyl
• What is the common name for the group CH2=CH-CH2?

  2-propenyl or allyl
• What is the common name for the group C≡CH?

  Ethynyl
• What is the framework of organic compounds?

  • Carbon skeleton: C—C & C—H single bonds
  • Functional groups: Heteroatoms (O, N, S), halogens, multiple bonds
• What is the IUPAC name structure for organic compounds?

  Prefix + Parent + Suffix
• What are principle functional groups?

  Groups that can be prefixes or suffixes

  
• What are subordinate groups in organic compounds?

  Groups that are only prefixes and treated as substituents

  
• What is the common name for the halogen F?

  Fluoro
• What is the common name for the halogen Cl?

  Chloro
• What is the common name for the halogen Br?

  Bromo
• What is the common name for the halogen I?

  Iodo
• What are the steps to name compounds containing one principal functional group?

  1. Choose the longest carbon chain with the functional group.
  2. Number the chain from the end nearer the functional group.
  3. Name the molecule using the functional group's suffix.

  
• What is the name of the compound CH3CH2CH2COOH?

  3-ethylhexanoic acid