FINALS

• What is hypertension defined as?


  Arterial blood pressure ≥ 180/90
• What does hyperlipidemia refer to?


  Elevation of plasma lipids including cholesterol
• What causes myocardial infarction?


  Interruption of blood supply to myocardium
• What is congestive heart failure?


  Failure of the heart as a pump
• What is angina?


  Pain due to inadequate blood supply to heart
• What characterizes acute renal failure?


  Drastic fall in GFR over days to weeks
• What is chronic renal insufficiency?


  Impaired renal function without dialysis needed
• What is chronic renal failure?


  Progressive and irreversible destruction of nephrons
• What is nephrosclerosis?


  Hardening of renal arteries due to hypertension
• What is pyelonephritis?


  Inflammation from urinary tract infection
• What is nephrolithiasis?


  Presence of renal stones
• What is nephrotic syndrome also known as?

  Nephrosis
• What is hepatitis?


  Inflammation of liver cells
• What is hepatic coma?


  Brain syndrome secondary to liver disease
• What is ascites?


  Fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity
• What is cholecystitis?


  Inflammation of gallbladder wall
• What is cholecystolithiasis?


  Presence of gallstones with infection
• What are esophageal varices?


  Varicose veins in the esophagus and stomach
• What is atherosclerosis?


  Thickening of artery walls due to plaques
• What is jaundice?


  Yellow pigmentation of skin and eyes
• What is biliary dyskinesia?


  Abnormal function of bile in biliary tract
• What is cholelithiasis?


  Presence of gallstones without infection
• What is pancreatitis?


  Inflammation of pancreatic tissue
• What is cystic fibrosis?


  Dysfunction of mucus-producing exocrine glands
• What is cirrhosis?


  Destruction of liver cells and scarring
• What is uremia?


  Symptoms from waste retention in blood
• What is cardiac cachexia?


  Malnutrition in heart failure patients
• What is choledocholithiasis?


  Stones in the common bile duct
• What are the government agencies related to nutrition?

  • NC: National Nutrition Council
  • DOH: Department of Health
  • DSWD: Department of Social Welfare and Development
  • DOST: Department of Science and Technology
  • FRS: Food and Nutrition Research Institute
  • DILG: Department of the Interior and Local Government
  • NEDA: National Economic and Development Authority
  • DBM: Department of Budget and Management
  • DAR: Department of Agrarian Reform
• What dietary recommendations are made for diabetes?

  • No sugar to control blood sugar
  • Lessen fat intake
• What dietary recommendations are made for hypertension?

  • Lessen salt to control blood pressure
• What dietary recommendations are made for kidney health?

  • 40 gm protein to lower creatinine level
• What dietary recommendations are made for hepatic coma?

  • Decrease protein to prevent anorexia and intoxication
• What dietary recommendations are made for liver health?

  • Increase protein to regenerate liver cells
  • Prevent development of gallstones
  • Prevent infection
• What dietary recommendations are made for UTI?

  • Increase fluids to help flush the urinary tract