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History 1700-1900
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Cards (34)
What period does the tutorial overview cover?
1700 to 1900
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What was a key point about the period of 1700 to 1900?
It was a period of rapid change in
medicine
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What key change weakened laissez-faire from the mid-19th century?
Enhanced role for
government
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What was the focus of the 1875 Public Health Act?
Sanitation
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Who were some key individuals in the period of rapid change in medicine?
Florence Nightingale
,
James Simpson
,
Joseph Lister
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What theory dominated thinking about the cause of disease during this period?
Miasma theory
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What was the Great Stink of 1858?
The River
Thames
was clogged with sewage
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How did miasma theory limit public health measures?
It misdirected actions against
disease causes
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What was John Snow's contribution to understanding cholera?
He proved cholera was
waterborne
, not
miasmic
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What did Louis Pasteur's germ theory prove?
Diseases are caused by
microbes
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What did Pasteur explain about vaccinations?
How
they
worked
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What significant vaccination did Pasteur create?
Rabies
vaccine
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What was Robert Koch's significant contribution?
Identified the first microbe for
tuberculosis
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How did Koch's laboratory techniques benefit Pasteur's work?
They sped up further
discoveries
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What was Florence Nightingale's impact on hospitals?
Improved
sanitation
and nursing quality
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What anesthetic did James Simpson discover?
Chloroform
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What was the impact of chloroform on surgery?
Allowed for more complex and slower
operations
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What was the "black hole period" in surgery?
Death rates
rose after
anesthetics
were introduced
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What did Joseph Lister introduce to surgery?
Carbolic acid
spray
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What was the effect of Lister's antiseptic methods?
Death rates fell
dramatically
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What were the two key public health acts in this period?
1848
voluntary
Act and
1875
compulsory
Act
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What was the main reason for slow changes in public health before 1875?
Laissez-faire
attitudes
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What did the 1875 Public Health Act require towns to do?
Act on
sanitation measures
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What was Edward Jenner's focus in vaccination?
Smallpox
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How did Jenner's vaccination method differ from previous techniques?
Used
cowpox
instead of
smallpox
matter
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What was the outcome of Jenner's vaccination experiments?
Smallpox
was eventually
eradicated
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What was John Snow's method for studying cholera?
He created an
infection map
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What was the significance of Snow removing the Broad Street pump handle?
Cholera
cases
decreased significantly
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What did Snow's work prove about cholera?
It was a
waterborne
disease
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Why was there slow acceptance of Snow's ideas?
Costly
improvements
and vested interests
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What were the key factors contributing to rapid change in medicine from 1700 to 1900?
End of
laissez-faire
Key individuals' contributions
Importance of overseas work
Enhanced role of
technology
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What were the key public health acts and their significance?
1848
Act: Voluntary, ineffective
1875
Act: Compulsory, effective sanitation measures
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What were the main contributions of key individuals in medicine during this period?
Edward Jenner
: Developed vaccination for
smallpox
Louis Pasteur
: Germ theory and vaccinations
Joseph Lister
:
Antiseptics
in surgery
Florence Nightingale
: Improved
hospital sanitation
James Simpson
: Discovered
chloroform
as anesthetic
John Snow
: Proved
cholera
was
waterborne
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What were the impacts of germ theory on public health measures?
Shifted focus to
sanitation
Enabled effective
vaccination strategies
Improved understanding of
disease transmission
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