Finals

• What is the answer regarding mechanisms seen in chemical microbial agents?

  All of the above
• How do bacteriostatic antibiotics eliminate bacteria?

  Stops multiplication while the immune system acts
• What is the mechanism of antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis?

  Both B & C
• What type of control do sulfa drugs like sulfamethoxazole represent?

  Bacteriostatic
• What is a false statement about the MIC of an antimicrobial?

  MIC should show no signs of microbial growth
• What can be determined using broth media in antimicrobial activity?

  Exact concentration of the MIC
• What can be determined using solid media in antimicrobial activity?

  Zones of inhibition for resistance or susceptibility
• What is a false interpretation of the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay results?

  Larger zones indicate bacteria is resistant
• What agents can kill microorganisms on inanimate objects?

  Sterilants
• What agents kill microorganisms safely on living tissues?

  Sanitizers
• What agents are suitable for sterilizing surfaces like countertops?

  Disinfectants
• What is the active ingredient of bleach?

  Sodium hypochlorite
• Why is 70% ethyl alcohol more effective than 95%?

  Water prolongs evaporation, extending contact time
• Which agent is NOT a disinfectant?

  Ethyl alcohol
• Antibiotics should have what type of spectrum activity?

  Narrow spectrum activity
• What type of spectrum activity do penicillin antibiotics have?

  Narrow spectrum activity
• Which antibacterials target protein synthesis, EXCEPT?

  Quinolones
• What effect do Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim have on bacteria?

  Bacteriostatic
• How do Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim act on bacteria?

  Target folic acid metabolism
• What mechanism does Tetracycline act on bacterial targets?

  Target protein synthesis
• What mechanism does Penicillin G act on bacterial targets?

  Target cell wall synthesis
• What mechanism does Rifampin act on bacterial targets?

  Target nucleic acid synthesis
• What mechanism does Cephalothin act on bacterial targets?

  Target cell wall synthesis
• What can destroy Penicillin?

  β-lactamase
• What is FALSE about cephalosporins compared to Penicillin?

  Both A and B
• Why can antibiotics targeting protein synthesis affect only bacteria?

  Bacteria and animal cells differ in structure
• What is the odd one out based on the mechanism of action?

  Vancomycin
• What is the odd one out based on the mechanism of action?

  Rifampin
• What is the odd one out based on the mechanism of action?

  Trimethoprim
• What is the odd one out based on the effect?

  Tetracycline
• What molecules are found in fungal cell membranes?

  Ergosterol
• What is NOT found in fungal cell walls?

  Ergosterol
• What is NOT a mode of asexual reproduction by fungi?

  Production of gametangia
• What is FALSE about fungi?

  Fungi are affected by antibiotics
• What causes the visible tuft in mold colonies?

  Mycelium
• What is FALSE about dimorphic fungi?

  Found in yeast and mold
• Microsporum canis is a type of which fungi?

  Molds
• Blastomyces dermatitidis is a type of which fungi?

  Dimorphic fungi
• Cryptococcus neoformans is a type of which fungi?

  Yeasts
• What type of conidia formation is budding of yeast?

  Blastoconidia