Meiosis

• What type of division is meiosis?

  Reduction division
• What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?

  It reduces from diploid (2n) to haploid (n)
• What is the product of meiosis?

  A gamete
• What restores the diploid number after meiosis?

  The fusion of gametes at fertilisation
• How does meiosis affect chromosome number in sexually reproducing populations?

  It keeps the chromosome number constant across generations
• How is the reduction of DNA content achieved in meiosis?

  Through two divisions of chromosomes
• How many daughter cells are produced from one meiosis process?

  Four daughter cells
• Why are the daughter cells genetically different in meiosis?

  Due to crossing over and random assortment
• What is the significance of genetic variation in offspring?

  It increases survival chances in changing environments
• What are the stages of meiosis?

  1. Meiosis I

  • Prophase I
  • Metaphase I
  • Anaphase I
  • Telophase I
  • Cytokinesis

  1. Meiosis II

  • Prophase II
  • Metaphase II
  • Anaphase II
  • Telophase II
  • Cytokinesis
• What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?

  Chromatin condenses, bivalents form, crossing over occurs
• What is a bivalent in meiosis?

  A pair of homologous chromosomes
• What happens at the chiasmata during meiosis?

  Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes
• What is random assortment in meiosis?

  The random orientation of homologs at the equator
• What happens during Anaphase I of meiosis?

  Spindle pulls chromosomes towards each pole
• What is the ploidy of the nuclei at Telophase I?

  Haploid
• What occurs during Cytokinesis of meiosis?

  Two new cells are formed, each haploid
• What happens during Prophase II of meiosis?

  Chromosomes condense and spindle forms
• What is the significance of random assortment in Metaphase II?

  It contributes to genetic diversity
• What happens during Anaphase II of meiosis?

  Centromeres divide and chromatids are pulled apart
• What is the outcome of Telophase II?

  Nuclear membranes reform around chromosomes
• How does mitosis differ from meiosis in terms of divisions?

  Mitosis has one division, meiosis has two
• What type of cells does mitosis produce?

  Two genetically identical cells
• Why does meiosis produce genetically different cells?

  Due to crossing over and random assortment
• In which type of cells does meiosis occur?

  In diploid cells
• What happens to the diploid number during meiosis?

  It is reduced to the haploid number
• Can mitosis occur in haploid cells?

  Yes, it can produce haploid cells
• What do haploid cells produce when undergoing mitosis?

  Haploid cells
• What do diploid cells produce when undergoing mitosis?

  Diploid cells
• Compare mitosis and meiosis in terms of genetic outcomes.

  • Mitosis:
  • Produces two identical cells
  • One division
  • Meiosis:
  • Produces four genetically different cells
  • Two divisions
• What is the main focus of the video discussed?

  Overview of meiosis stages
• How does meiosis differ from mitosis?

  Meiosis creates haploid cells, mitosis creates diploid
• What type of cells does meiosis produce?

  Haploid gametes
• What is the purpose of meiosis?

  To create gametes with half genetic information
• How many stages are there in meiosis?

  Two stages: meiosis I and meiosis II
• What happens to chromosomes during meiosis?

  They copy and then split twice
• What is the result of meiosis in terms of gametes?

  Four genetically different haploid gametes
• What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids?

  Homologous chromosomes are from different parents
• What is the first main stage of meiosis called?

  Meiosis I
• What occurs during prophase I of meiosis?

  Chromosomes condense and crossing over occurs