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Unit 1 Mrs Carne
Cell cycle and cell division
Meiosis
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Cards (151)
What type of division is meiosis?
Reduction division
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What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?
It reduces from
diploid
(
2n
) to
haploid
(n)
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What is the product of meiosis?
A
gamete
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What restores the diploid number after meiosis?
The fusion of gametes at fertilisation
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How does meiosis affect chromosome number in sexually reproducing populations?
It keeps the chromosome number
constant
across generations
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How is the reduction of DNA content achieved in meiosis?
Through two
divisions
of
chromosomes
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How many daughter cells are produced from one meiosis process?
Four
daughter cells
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Why are the daughter cells genetically different in meiosis?
Due to
crossing over
and random assortment
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What is the significance of genetic variation in offspring?
It increases
survival chances
in
changing environments
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What are the stages of meiosis?
Meiosis
I
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Cytokinesis
Meiosis II
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
Cytokinesis
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What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?
Chromatin
condenses,
bivalents
form,
crossing over
occurs
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What is a bivalent in meiosis?
A pair of
homologous chromosomes
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What happens at the chiasmata during meiosis?
Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes
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What is random assortment in meiosis?
The random orientation of
homologs
at the
equator
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What happens during Anaphase I of meiosis?
Spindle
pulls
chromosomes
towards each pole
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What is the ploidy of the nuclei at Telophase I?
Haploid
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What occurs during Cytokinesis of meiosis?
Two new cells are formed, each
haploid
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What happens during Prophase II of meiosis?
Chromosomes
condense and
spindle
forms
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What is the significance of random assortment in Metaphase II?
It contributes to
genetic diversity
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What happens during Anaphase II of meiosis?
Centromeres
divide and chromatids are pulled apart
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What is the outcome of Telophase II?
Nuclear membranes reform around
chromosomes
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How does mitosis differ from meiosis in terms of divisions?
Mitosis has one division, meiosis has
two
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What type of cells does mitosis produce?
Two
genetically
identical
cells
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Why does meiosis produce genetically different cells?
Due to
crossing over
and
random assortment
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In which type of cells does meiosis occur?
In
diploid
cells
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What happens to the diploid number during meiosis?
It is reduced to the
haploid
number
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Can mitosis occur in haploid cells?
Yes
, it can produce
haploid
cells
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What do haploid cells produce when undergoing mitosis?
Haploid cells
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What do diploid cells produce when undergoing mitosis?
Diploid
cells
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Compare mitosis and meiosis in terms of genetic outcomes.
Mitosis:
Produces
two
identical
cells
One
division
Meiosis:
Produces
four
genetically
different
cells
Two divisions
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What is the main focus of the video discussed?
Overview of
meiosis
stages
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How does meiosis differ from mitosis?
Meiosis creates
haploid
cells, mitosis creates
diploid
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What type of cells does meiosis produce?
Haploid
gametes
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What is the purpose of meiosis?
To create
gametes
with half
genetic
information
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How many stages are there in meiosis?
Two
stages:
meiosis I
and
meiosis II
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What happens to chromosomes during meiosis?
They
copy
and then
split
twice
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What is the result of meiosis in terms of gametes?
Four
genetically
different
haploid
gametes
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What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids?
Homologous chromosomes are from
different
parents
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What is the first main stage of meiosis called?
Meiosis
I
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What occurs during prophase I of meiosis?
Chromosomes
condense and
crossing over
occurs
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