HAP LEC FINALS - LYMPHATICS

• The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
• Immune system protects the body from

  foreign invaders (bacteria) that could cause disease or death
• Lymphatic system consists of

  vessels, cells, and organs
• Edema


  Also known as swelling
• Occurs when rate of fluid flow out of capillary exceeds rate of lymph collectio, and can also occur due to damage or blockage of lymphatic system

  edema
• Pitting


  lumubog
• Transport lymph

  lymphatic vessels
• Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue


  tonsils
• Lymphoid organ located in mediastinum above the heart, site of T cell maturation, and decreases in size with age

  thymus
• Lymphoid organ located in left upper quadrant of abdomen, stores platelets

  spleen
• Mainly red blood cells

  red pulp
• Mainly white blood cells

  white pulp
• State of protection from infections or resistance to infections

  immunity
• Collections of cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate resistance to infections

  immune system
• Coordinated reaction of cells and molecules to eliminate the invading organisms

  immune response
• Immune System Major Components

  bone marrow, lymphoid tissue
• Lymphoid tissue contains


  tonsils, spleen, thymus
• WBCs are produced in the

  bone marrow
• Bone marrow


  lymphocytes are generated from stem cells (undifferentiated cells)• B cells (B lymphocytes)• T cells (T lymphocytes)
• Thymus produce


  T cells
• Bone marrow produce

  B cells
• Responsible for cell mediated immunity

  T cell
• Responsible for humoral immunity

  B cell
• Found lining areas of respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and reproductive systems

  mucosal Barriers
• Phagocytes are cells that carry out

  phagocytosis
• Phagocytosis cells


  macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cell
• Ingest bacteria or debris and enzymatically

  macrophages
• Remain in one location

  fixed macrophages
• Travel through blood to location at which they are needed

  wandering macrophages
• Mainly phagocytize bacteria


  neutrophils
• Lymphocytes that can trigger apoptosis

  natural killer (NK) cells
• Programmed cell death


  apoptosis
• Leukocytes that contain visible granules released when they are active

  granulocytes
• Contain vasoactive mediators like histamine



  granules
• Only found in tissue

  mast cell
• Useful during parasitic infections

  eosinophils and basophils
• Two general types of immunity

  natural (innate), acquired (adaptive)
• Acquired (Adaptive)


  specific, develops after birth
• Natural (Innate)


  nonspecific, present at birth, neutrophils and monocytes are primary white blood cell involved
• Provides a broad spectrum of defense against and resistance to infection, considered first line of host defence following antigen exposure

  natural (Innate) immunity