ETHICS

• What is the ability of the mind to think, understand, and form judgments called?

  Reason
• What serves as the basis or motive for an action?

  Reason
• How does reason change from person to person?

  Based on ethical and moral codes
• Why must moral judgments be backed up with reasons?

  To ensure they are justified
• What does truth in ethics entail?

  Being justified by good reasons
• How are moral truths defined in ethics?

  True regardless of personal opinions
• What does reason commend regardless of our feelings?

  What it commends
• What does evenhandedness in reasoning imply?

  Equal importance of individual interests
• What quality is essential for creating moral decisions?

  Being unbiased and objective
• What does impartiality in morality require?

  Equal consideration of all interests
• What is the minimum requirement for morality according to the article?

  Reason and impartiality
• Why are reason and impartiality prerequisites for morality?

  They enable clear and unbiased judgments
• What is emotion defined as?

  A subjective state of mind
• How can emotions be triggered?

  By internal stimuli or external events
• How do emotions differ from moods?

  Emotions are reactions; moods are predispositions
• Are emotions inherently good or bad?

  No, they are simply reactions
• How do emotions affect our well-being?

  By influencing our actions based on them
• What role do emotions play in ethical decision-making?

  They significantly influence moral choices
• What motivates people to act ethically?

  Inner-directed negative emotions
• What do outer-directed negative emotions aim to do?

  Discipline or punish
• How do emotions influence moral judgments?

  They are essential for making judgments
• What is the relationship between logic and emotions in decision-making?

  Emotions often steer logical decisions
• What is emotional reasoning?

  Emotions affect our reasoning processes
• What is emotional intelligence?

  Understanding and managing emotions effectively
• How do emotions relate to moral reasoning?

  They play a significant role
• What is the foundation of what is ethical according to Kant?

  Reason
• What is will in the context of ethics?

  A force to pursue what one possesses in mind
• How does reason serve as the foundation of ethical decision-making?

  By enabling understanding of moral principles
• What does reason help individuals balance?

  Conflicting ethical values
• What does will enable individuals to do?

  Translate ethical understanding into action
• How does will empower individuals in ethical situations?

  By resisting temptation of immediate gratification
• What does reason provide in ethical actions?

  The "what" of ethical principles
• What does good will provide in ethical actions?

  The "why" for acting on principles
• How do reason and will work together in morality?

  They create ethical actions together
• What are the consequences of reason without will?

  • Knowing cheating is wrong but choosing to cheat
  • Lacks good will
• What are the consequences of will without reason?

  • Donating without understanding the charity's use
  • Good will but misaligned with reason
• What is the outcome of reason and will working together?

  • Refusing a bribe due to moral duty
  • Commitment to integrity
• What are the steps in moral decision-making?

  1. Gather the facts
  2. Determine the ethical issues
  3. Identify the principles
  4. List the alternatives
  5. Compare alternatives with principles
  6. Weigh/assess the consequences
  7. Make a decision
• Why is it essential to gather facts in moral decision-making?

  To know the general facts of the situation
• What questions should be asked to gather information?

  Who, what, where, when, how, and why