Social welfare

• Who influenced Lenin's ideas on work and benefits?

  Marx
• What was the purpose of the Declaration of the Rights of Toiling and Exploited People published in 1918?

  To transform work and abolish private ownership
• What did the Declaration abolish regarding land ownership?

  Private ownership of land
• What was the Universal Labour Duty introduced by the Declaration?

  It ensured everyone worked to eliminate exploitation
• How did the Declaration affect capitalists?

  They could no longer profit from ownership
• What was the economic situation in Russia between March and August 1917?

  570 industrial enterprises closed
• How much did unemployment increase by October 1918?

  Over 100,000
• What happened to war production after the October Revolution?

  It ceased, causing unemployment to rise
• What did Lenin stress during the period of rising unemployment?

  The duty of labour discipline and collaboration
• What role did "bourgeois specialists" play in factories?

  They earned wages for running factories
• What was the outcome of Lenin's early economic plans?

  They failed to stop economic disintegration
• What was War Communism based on?

  A relationship between government and workers
• How did compulsory labour affect unemployment?

  It ended widespread unemployment
• What happened to able men aged 16-50 from September 1918?

  They lost the right to refuse employment
• What were work cards issued for?

  To provide rations and track employment
• How were rations allocated after money was abolished?

  According to occupation
• Who received the highest rations?

  Working class
• What was the role of Prodraspred?

  To organize ration distribution to workers
• What benefits did workers have access to?

  Work cards for public transport and communal dining
• What percentage of people in Moscow were fed in communal halls in 1920?

  93%
• What privileges did Party members receive?

  Access to government shops for scarce goods
• Why was compulsory labour unsuccessful during the Civil War?

  It was unsustainable under Civil War conditions
• What happened to factories by July 1920?

  They were forced to close due to fuel shortages
• What did War Communism fail to provide?

  More than 50% of food and fuel needed
• What did people turn to in the short term due to shortages?

  The black market
• What was the population drop in Petrograd between 1917-21?

  50%
• What was the unemployment rate in 1921?

  5.5%
• What caused unemployment to surge in 1921 and 1922?

  Demobilization of Red Army soldiers
• What did the government do at the beginning of the NEP?

  Rationalized industry for profitability
• How many administrators were sacked by the government?

  225,000
• What rights did the 1922 Labour Law give unions?

  To negotiate binding agreements with employers
• What type of benefits were provided to workers?

  Paid disability, maternity, and unemployment benefits
• Who was excluded from social insurance benefits?

  Peasants
• How did urban workers fare by 1926 compared to 1913?

  They were better off with higher wages
• What was the impact of the Five Year Plans under Stalin?

  Moved away from NEP's capitalist compromise
• What was the priority for workers' safety during Stalin's period?

  It was not prioritized
• What was the consequence of Stalin's harsh labour discipline?

  Lateness became criminalized
• What happened to unions under Stalin?

  They lost the right to negotiate
• What was the continuous work week introduced by Stalin?

  One day off every other week
• What happened to workers' rights in 1940?

  They lost the right to change jobs