Longitidunal standing waves

• What type of waves are discussed in the video?

  Longitudinal standing waves
• What is the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves?

  Longitudinal waves oscillate parallel to wave direction
• Where do longitudinal stationary waves occur?

  In pipes and tubes
• What happens to air molecules in a progressive wave?

  They oscillate but do not travel
• What produces a stationary wave in musical instruments?

  A vibration or disturbance in the air
• What is a node in the context of standing waves?

  A point with minimal particle vibration
• What is an antinode in the context of standing waves?

  A point with maximum particle vibration
• What is the relationship between the length of a closed tube and the wavelength?

  Length equals a quarter of the wavelength
• Why can't a second harmonic occur in a closed tube?

  It would require a node at the open end
• What harmonics are possible in a tube closed at one end?

  Only odd harmonics: 1st, 3rd, 5th, etc.
• What is the fundamental frequency of a tube open at both ends?

  It has a node in the middle
• How does the wavelength of the fundamental frequency differ in open vs. closed tubes?

  Open tubes have half a wavelength; closed tubes have a quarter
• If an organ pipe is 50 cm long and open at both ends, what is its fundamental wavelength?

  $1 \text{ m}$
• What is the fundamental frequency of a 50 cm organ pipe open at both ends?

  $300 \text{ Hz}$
• What happens to the harmonics if the tube is closed at one end?

  Only odd harmonics are present
• What is the fundamental frequency of a closed-end tube with a length of 50 cm?

  $150 \text{ Hz}$
• How does the length of the air column affect the frequency of sound?

  Longer columns produce lower frequencies
• What role do holes in instruments play in sound production?

  They change the effective length of the tube
• How does the type of mouthpiece affect sound in instruments?

  It influences the fundamental frequency and harmonics
• How does the sound of a trumpet compare to that of a flute?

  Trumpets have a brighter, harsher sound
• What is the length of a wooden pipe that is open at both ends if it produces a note?

  $30 \text{ cm}$
• What factors affect the frequency and tone of notes produced by musical instruments?

  Length of air column, mouthpiece type, and holes