White blood cells

• What are white blood cells also known as?

  Leukocytes
• What is the primary function of white blood cells?

  To protect the body from pathogens
• Where are white blood cells produced?

  Bone marrow
• How do pathogens affect the body?

  They multiply and use resources
• What are the three main ways white blood cells fight pathogens?

  Produce antibodies, antitoxins, phagocytosis
• What shape are antibodies?

  Y-shaped
• What do antibodies do to pathogens?

  Attach and neutralize them
• What is the role of antitoxins?

  Neutralize toxins
• What is phagocytosis?

  Ingesting and digesting pathogens
• Which type of white blood cell is most common?

  Neutrophils
• What percentage of white blood cells are lymphocytes?

  50-60%
• What happens to lymphocytes after they respond?

  They die quickly
• What do eosinophils specialize in?

  Dealing with parasites and allergies
• What do basophils do?

  Cause inflammation
• What is the role of monocytes?

  Respond slowly but last longer
• What are the two types of lymphocytes?

  T cells and B cells
• What do T cells do?

  Check the identity of cells
• How do B cells respond to T cells?

  Produce antibodies when instructed
• What is adaptive immunity?

  Memory of dangerous cells
• How does vaccination relate to lymphocytes?

  They remember dangerous pathogens
• What are the similarities and differences between white blood cells?

  Similarities:

  • All have nuclei, mitochondria, ribosomes
  • All attack pathogens

  
  

  Differences:

  • Neutrophils are most common
  • Lymphocytes have memory
  • T cells identify antigens
  • B cells produce specific antibodies
• What do all white blood cells travel in?

  Lymphatic system and blood plasma
• What do neutrophils contain that aids in digestion?

  Lysosomes with digestive enzymes
• What do T cells use to identify antigens?

  Receptors
• What are antigens?

  Bits on the outside of pathogens
• What happens if a pathogen is new to the immune system?

  Antibodies take time to produce
• What can excessive swelling require?

  Antihistamine
• What is pus a result of?

  Death of lymphocytes
• How do neutrophils and monocytes differ in response time?

  Neutrophils respond quickly, monocytes slower
• What is the role of white blood cells in the immune system?

  To protect against foreign invaders
• What do pathogens produce that can make you ill?

  Toxins
• How do white blood cells travel to where they are needed?

  Through blood plasma and lymphatic system
• What are white blood cells also known as?

  Leukocytes
• What is the primary role of white blood cells?

  To protect the body from pathogens
• How do white blood cells respond to pathogens?

  They attack and engulf them
• How do white blood cells leave the bloodstream?

  Through the walls of capillaries
• Where are white blood cells produced?

  In the bone marrow
• What are stem cells?

  Cells that can differentiate into specialized cells
• What is the process called when stem cells become specialized?

  Differentiation
• What is the structure of the nucleus in neutrophils?

  Lobed structure