L6 | PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING

• PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING

  1. CONDUCT AN AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
  2. DETERMINING THE PURPOSE OF THE SPEECH
  3. SELECTING A TOPIC
  4. NARROWING DOWN A TOPIC
  5. GATHERING DATA
  6. SELECTING A SPEECH PATTERN
  7. PREPARING AN OUTLINE 
  8. CREATING THE BODY OF THE SPEECH 
  9. PREPARING THE INTRODUCTION 
  10. PREPARING THE CONCLUSION 
  11. EDITING AND/OR REVISING 
  12. REHEARSING 
• CONDUCTING AN AUDIENCE ANALYSIS

  • To tailor-fit your speech and delivery to your audience
  • AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
  • Entails looking into the profile of your target audience
• AUDIENCE ANALYSIS

  1. DEMOGRAPHY
  2. SITUATION
  3. PSYCHOLOGY
• DEMOGRAPHY

  • Age range, male-female ratio, educational background and affiliations or degree program taken, nationality, economic status, academic or corporate designation)
• SITUATION

  • time, venue, occasion, size
• PSYCHOLOGY

  • values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural and racial ideologies, and needs
• DETERMINING THE PURPOSE OF THE SPEECH

  1. TO INFORM
  2. TO PERSUADE
  3. TO ENTERTAIN
• TO INFORM

  • provides a clear understanding of the concept
• TO PERSUADE

  • provides the audience with favorable and acceptable ideas that can influence their own ideas and decisions 
• TO ENTERTAIN

  • Amuses the audience
• SELECTING A TOPIC

  • Topic is your main point
  • Interest
• NARROWING DOWN A TOPIC

  • Making your main idea more specific and focused
• GATHERING DATA

  • Collect ideas, information, sources, and references relevant to the topic
• SELECTING A SPEECH PATTERN

  • Structures that will help organize the ideas
  • Biographical
  • Categorical/topical
  • Comparison/contrast
  • Causal (cause and effects)
  • Chronological
  • Problem - solution
• OUTLINE

  • A tool for organizing ideas
  • It is used not only as a pre writing strategy but also as a post reading strategy.
• 2 KINDS OF OUTLINE

  1. DECIMAL OUTLINE
  2. ALPHANUMERIC OUTLINE
• DECIMAL OUTLINE

  
• ALPHANUMERIC OUTLINE

  
• 4 PRINCIPLES IN MAKING AN EFFECTIVE OUTLINE

  1. COORDINATION
  2. SUBORDINATION
  3. DIVISION
  4. PARALLEL CONSTRUCTION
• COORDINATION

  • ideas of the same relevance to be labeled in the same way.
• SUBORDINATION

  • this principle shows that minor details have to be placed under their respective major details
• DIVISION

  • requires that no cluster should contain only one item
• PARALLEL CONSTRUCTION

  • requires all entries in each cluster to use the same structure and format.
• 2 KINDS OF OUTLINE ACCORDING TO STRUCTURE

  1. TOPIC OUTLINE
  2. SENTENCE OUTLINE
• TOPIC OUTLINE

  • Uses words and phrases as its entries
• SENTENCE OUTLINE

  • Uses complete sentence as its entries
  • It is generally used if the topic being discussed is complicated and requires details.
• EDITING OR REVISING

  1. EDIT FOR FOCUS
  2. EDIT FOR CLARITY
  3. EDIT FOR CONCISION
  4. EDIT FOR CONTINUITY
  5. EDIT FOR VARIETY
  6. EDIT FOR IMPACT AND BEAUTY
• EDIT FOR FOCUS

  • Ensure that everything from introduction to conclusion is related to the central message
• EDIT FOR CLARITY

  • Arrange them in logical order (main idea first then supporting details)
• EDIT FOR CONCISION

  • Keep it short and simple by eliminating unrelated stories and sentences.
• EDIT FOR CONTINUITY

  • Keep the flow of your presentation smooth by adding transition words and phrases
• EDIT FOR VARIETY

  • Add spice to your speech by shifting tone and style from formal to conversational and vice versa, moving around, adding humor. 
• EDIT FOR IMPACT AND BEAUTY

  • Refining a speech to make it clear, powerful, and emotionally engaging by using these strategies:
  • Surprise your audience
  • Use vivid descriptive images
  • Write well-crafted and memorable lines
  • Use figures of speech
• REHEARSING

  • Gives you an opportunity to identify what works and what does not work for you and your target audience
• BIOGRAPHICAL

  • Autobiography
• CATEGORICAL / TOPICAL

  • Presents the related categories supporting the topic
• COMPARISON / CONTRAST

  • Comparing similarities and differences
• CAUSAL

  • Cause and effect relationship
• CHRONOLOGICAL

  • Presents the idea in time order
• PROBLEM SOLUTION

  • Presents an identified problem and recommended solutions