conduction, convection and radiation

• What happens to an object's thermal energy store when it is heated?

  Energy is transferred to its thermal energy store
• What are the three ways heat can be transferred?

  Conduction, convection, and radiation
• How is heat transferred in solids?

  By conduction
• How is heat transferred in fluids?

  By convection
• How is heat transferred through empty space?

  In the form of radiation
• What is the key idea behind conduction?

  Vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbors
• What happens when one end of a metal is heated?

  Energy is transferred to the kinetic energy store
• Why does conduction occur mainly in solids?

  Particles are held closely together
• What is thermal conductivity?

  How well objects transfer energy by conduction
• Which materials have high thermal conductivity?

  Metals
• Why are plastics used as insulators?

  They have low thermal conductivity
• What is convection?

  Heat transfer mainly in fluids
• What happens to particles in fluids when heated?

  They gain kinetic energy and move faster
• What occurs in a convection current?

  Hot particles rise, cool particles sink
• How does a blanket reduce convection?

  It stops the free flow of fluids
• What do conduction and convection have in common?

  Both involve particles gaining kinetic energy
• How is heat transferred through a vacuum?

  By radiation
• What type of waves carry energy during radiation?

  Infrared waves
• What happens to radiation absorption and emission in objects?

  All objects absorb and emit radiation constantly
• Why does it feel hot to put your hand over a barbecue?

  Hot metal emits infrared radiation
• What is the relationship between temperature and radiation emission?

  Hotter objects emit more radiation
• What are the processes of heat transfer in different mediums?

  • Conduction: Solids
  • Convection: Fluids (liquids and gases)
  • Radiation: Through empty space
• What are the differences between conduction and convection?

  Conduction:

  • Energy transfer between particles
  • Mainly in solids

  
  

  Convection:

  • Movement of particles
  • Mainly in fluids
• What is the cycle of a convection current?

  1. Heated particles gain energy and rise
  2. Cooler particles sink to take their place
  3. Cycle repeats as long as heating continues
• What is the electromagnetic spectrum's relation to infrared radiation?

  • Infrared radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum
  • It is emitted by all objects based on their temperature