Study Question One

• Q1. Describe the gross anatomy of the heart: include chambers, valves, and blood flow.
• Chambers of the Heart

  • right atrium
  • right ventricle
  • left atrium
  • left ventricle
• Chambers of the Heart

  • right atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava.
  • right ventricle: Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs via the pulmonary artery for oxygenation.
  • left atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.
  • left ventricle: Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta.
• Valves of the Heart

  • tricuspid valve
  • pulmonary valve
  • bicuspid (mitral) valve
  • aortic valve
• Valves of the Heart

  • tricuspid valve: Between right atrium and right ventricle. Has three leaflets and prevents backflow from right ventricle to right atrium.
  • pulmonary valve: Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery. Prevents backflow into right ventricle after pumped to lungs.
  • mitral (bicuspid) valve: Between left atrium and left ventricle. Has two leaflets and prevents backflow to left atrium.
  • aortic valve: Between left ventricle and aorta. Prevents backflowto left ventricle after pumped into aorta.
• Blood Flow of the Heart - Deoxygenated

  • Blood from the body enters right atrium via superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.
  • As right atrium contracts, blood flows through tricuspid valve into right ventricle.
  • When right ventricle contracts, blood is pumped through pulmonary valve into pulmonary artery.
  • Pulmonary artery carries blood to lungs, where it becomes oxygenated.
• Blood Flow of the Heart - Oxygenated

  • Oxygenated blood returns from lungs to left atrium via pulmonary veins.
  • As left atrium contracts, blood flows through mitral valve into left ventricle.
  • When left ventricle contracts, blood is pumped through aortic valve into aorta, which distributes oxygen-rich blood to body.
• Describe the gross anatomy of the heart: include chambers, valves, and blood flow.

  The heart consists of four chambers which are the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle. Valves throughout the heart prevent backflow of blood. Between the right atrium and right ventricle is the tricuspid valve, separating the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk is the pulmonary valve, between the left atrium and left ventricle is the bicuspid or mitral valve, finally separating the left ventricle and aorta is the aortic valve.
• Describe the gross anatomy of the heart: include chambers, valves, and blood flow.

  Deoxygenated blood returning from the systemic circuit arrives at the right atrium, then it passes through the tricuspid valve to reach the right ventricle, and the pulmonary valve to reach the pulmonary trunk that is the start of the pulmonary circuit. The blood travels to the lungs to be oxygenated, and returns back to the left atrium. At the left atrium, blood passes through the bicuspid valve to reach the left ventricle, then the aortic valve to reach the aorta and be distributed across the body.