Pathogens

• What is meant by a pathogen?

  Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious disease.
• What types of pathogens are included in the definition of pathogens?

  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Protists
  • Fungi
• What are communicable diseases?

  Communicable diseases are infectious diseases spread from person to person.
• How do bacteria cause illness?

  Bacteria reproduce rapidly and release toxins that damage tissues.
• How do viruses differ from bacteria in terms of reproduction?

  Viruses can only reproduce inside a host cell.
• What happens to a host cell when a virus reproduces inside it?

  When a virus reproduces inside a host cell, it can cause the cell to burst open and die.
• What are the three main ways pathogens are spread?

  • Through the air (e.g., water droplets)
  • Through contaminated water (e.g., cholera)
  • Through direct contact between individuals (e.g., HIV)
• How can practicing basic hygiene help reduce the spread of pathogens?

  It helps eliminate pathogens and prevents their transmission.
• What role does chlorine play in drinking water in the UK?

  Chlorine kills microorganisms in drinking water.
• How can the use of condoms reduce the spread of HIV?

  They prevent direct contact and transmission of the virus.
• What are some methods to reduce the spread of pathogens?

  • Practicing basic hygiene
  • Providing clean drinking water
  • Reducing direct contact between individuals
  • Isolating patients with highly infectious diseases
  • Vaccination