types of experiments

• What are the two main types of experiments?

  Laboratory and field experiments
• What is the difference between IV and DV?

  IV is manipulated; DV is measured
• What characterizes a laboratory experiment?

  Conducted in a highly controlled environment
• What is one strength of a field experiment?

  High ecological validity
• What are the key features of laboratory experiments?

  • Conducted in controlled environments
  • Participants are usually aware of participation
  • Standardized procedures are used
  • Aim to manipulate IV and measure DV
• Why do laboratory experiments have low external validity?

  They are conducted in artificial settings
• What is a field experiment?

  Conducted in a naturalistic environment
• What is a key difference between lab and field experiments?

  Location of the study
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of field experiments?

  Strengths:

  • High ecological validity
  • No demand characteristics

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Less control over extraneous variables
  • Ethical concerns regarding informed consent
• What defines a natural experiment?

  Uses pre-existing IV that occurs naturally
• Give an example of a natural experiment.

  Effects of TV on St. Helena island
• What is a limitation of natural experiments?

  Rarely occurring events limit research opportunities
• What characterizes quasi-experiments?

  IV based on existing differences between people
• What are the strengths and limitations of quasi-experiments?

  Strengths:

  • Often conducted under controlled conditions
  • Share strengths of lab experiments

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Cannot randomly allocate participants
  • Potential confounding variables
• What is the significance of standardised procedures in laboratory experiments?

  Ensures every participant has the same experience
• How does experimenter bias affect laboratory experiments?

  It can influence results and participant behavior
• Why are demand characteristics a concern in laboratory experiments?

  Participants may alter behavior due to awareness
• What is the main goal of all experiments?

  To see if IV affects the DV
• How can researchers ensure high control in laboratory experiments?

  By conducting them in controlled environments
• What is the impact of high control in laboratory experiments on generalizability?

  It makes results difficult to generalize
• What is the role of the independent variable (IV) in an experiment?

  It is manipulated to observe effects on DV
• What is the dependent variable (DV) in an experiment?

  It is measured to assess the effect of IV