CHAPTER 4

• NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

  • non-infectious illnesses but can be inherited or developed based on lifestyle.
• KINDS OF TOBACCO SMOKE

  1. MAINSTREAM SMOKE
  2. SECOND HAND SMOKE
  3. THIRD HAND SMOKE
• MAINSTREAM SMOKE

  • commonly known as "first- hand smoke"
  • smoke from a lit cigarette that is both inhaled and exhaled.
• SECOND HAND SMOKE

  • very dangerous smoke when taken in.
  • smoke puffed out by smokers called environmental tobacco or "sidestream" smoke.
• THIRD HAND SMOKE

  • cigarette offshoots that are attached to the smokers' hair and clothing as well as various surfaces.
  • will remain in the environment even if the smoke is already gone.
• ALCOHOL

  • liquid organic compound that affects normal body metabolism.
• TYPES OF ALCOHOL

  1. ETHYL ALCOHOL
  2. METHYL ALCOHOL
  3. ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
• ETHYL ALCOHOL

  • used for alcoholic beverages formed from the fermentation of fruits or grains of cereals and is also known as grain alcohol.
• METHYL ALCOHOL

  • or wood alcohol,
  • has poisonous properties and is used as a denaturant additive for ethanol for industries.
  • used in thinner for paints and shellac.
• ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL

  • or rubbing alcohol
  • commonly used as a disinfectant and solvent in industries.
• POOR DIETARY HABIT

  • occur when a person does not follow the principles of good nutrition-adequacy, balance, and variety.
• BALANCE

  • correct combination of nutrients, and variation refers to the consumption of different types of food products.
• ADEQUACY

  • moderate amounts of nutrients to maintain normal body function.
• SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE

  • individual lacks the recommended level of regular physical activity / physically inactive and not being able to satisfy the recommended level of regular physical activity.
• CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

  • a disease of the heart and blood vessels that is the leading cause of death in the Philippines
• TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

  1. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
  2. CORONARY HEART DISEASE
  3. ATHEROSCLEROSIS
  4. RHEUMATIC FEVER
  5. HEART RHYTHM ABNORMALITIES / ARRHYTHMIA
  6. HYPERTENSION
• ARTERIOSCLEROSIS

  • is a condition that causes the arteries to harden and thicken.
• CORONARY HEART DISEASE

  • the coronary arteries (pathway of blood to the heart muscles) are narrowed or blocked; a disease of the coronary vessels and not the heart.
• ATHEROSCLEROSIS

  • is a type of arteriosclerosis where deposited fat hardens and becomes plaque on arterial walls. Plaque build-up can begin as early as two years old.
• RHEUMATIC FEVER

  • the immune system attacks the heart and can cause fever, weakness, and damage to its valves.
• ARRHYTHMIA

  • Heart rhythm abnormalities
  • an irregular heart rhythm brought about by a faulty electrical conduction system that is worsened by uncontrolled stress levels and high caffeine intake.
• HYPERTENSION

  • the heart is not able or below its normal capacity to pump blood, causing liquid to accumulate in the lungs and other areas of the body.
• STROKE

  • sometimes called a "brain attack"
  • Occurs when the arterial blood flow leading to or in the bra in is blocked or ruptured.
• TYPES OF STROKE

  1. ISCHEMIC STROKE
  2. HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
• ISCHEMIC STROKE

  • brought about by obstruction and narrowing of blood vessels
• HEMORRHAGIC STROKE

  • The most common cause of stroke is a blood clot in a brain artery, which causes aneurysm, a damaged part of the blood vessel, and may result in stroke when these arteries burst.
• CANCER

  • group of diseases where cells divide at an uncontrolled pace.
  • not contagious or caused by injuries or accidents
  • most cancer deaths are due to lung cancer, which could have been prevented if the person did not smoke
• MALIGNANT TUMORS

  • cancerous.
  • tumor can spread to invade and destroy nearby tissues and body parts. This process is called metastasis.
• BENIGN TUMORS

  • not cancerous.
  • It may increase in size but it didn’t invade other body parts typically harmless unless it obstructs normal tissues or organs.
• 4 MAJOR TYPES OF CANCER

  1. CARCINOMA
  2. SARCOMA
  3. LYMPHOMA
  4. LEUKEMIA
• CARCINOMA

  • invasive malignant tumor from epithelial tissue that tends to spread to other body parts
• SARCOMA

  • connective or supportive cancer, which includes muscle, bone, fat, blood vessels, and cartilage cancers.
• LYMPHOMA

  • arises in cells of the lymphatic or the immune system tissues and is characterized by abnormal production of white cells and a decrease in resistance.
• LEUKEMIA

  • cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by abnormal production of blood cells, usually leukocytes or white blood cells.
• DIABETES

  • a disease resulting from a condition of the body wherein the body is not able to produce or effectively use insulin.
• INSULIN

  • a hormone that is produced in the pancreas, which regulates the utilization of glucose.
• TYPES OF DIABETES

  1. TYPE 1 DIABETES
  2. TYPE 2 DIABETES
  3. GESTATIONAL DIABETES
• TYPE 1 DIABETES

  • Insulin-reliant diabetes because the body produces little or no insulin at all.
• TYPE 2 DIABETES

  • less evident and often goes undiagnosed, the body produces insulin but cannot be used by cells.
• GESTATIONAL DIABETES

  • occurs in certain pregnant individuals.
  • The hormones cause the body not to respond to the insulin produced by the body.