P1 solids, liquids and gases

• What is the definition of density of a material?

  Mass per unit volume of the material

  
• What does density indicate about a material?

  Mass of one meter-cube of the material

  
• How is density expressed for a centimeter-cube of material?

  Mass of one centimeter-cube of the material
• What equation is used to calculate density?

  Density = mass / volume

  
• What is pressure defined as?

  Force applied per unit area

  
• How is pressure measured in terms of force?

  Newtons of force per meter-square
• What is the equation linking pressure, force, and area?

  Pressure = force / area

  
• What is the SI unit of pressure?

  Pascals (Pa)

  
• How else can pressure be expressed?

  In terms of force per area

  
• In which direction does pressure act in solids?

  In the direction of force
• In which direction does pressure act in liquids or gases?

  In all directions equally
• What is the equation linking pressure difference, depth, density, and gravitational field strength?

  Pressure difference = density * gravitational field strength * height
• How do you convert between degrees Celsius and Kelvin?

  Add 273 to Celsius for Kelvin
• Why is the Kelvin scale used in science instead of Celsius?

  It is proportional to average kinetic energy
• What is absolute zero in Celsius and Kelvin?

  −273 °C or 0 K
• What happens to particles at absolute zero?

  Particles have no kinetic energy and do not move
• How does gas pressure relate to particle motion?

  Particles collide with container walls, exerting force
• How does changing the temperature of a gas affect particle velocity?

  Higher temperature increases particle velocity
• How does temperature affect gas pressure?

  Increased temperature raises pressure due to faster particles
• What is the equation linking initial pressure, final pressure, initial temperature, and final temperature?

  P1/T1 = P2/T2 (Kelvins)
• What assumptions should be made when using the gas pressure equation?

  Fixed mass and fixed temperature
• How does pressing a bicycle pump piston increase temperature inside?

  Decreased volume increases pressure and particle velocity
• What happens when the piston of a bicycle pump is pressed?

  • Volume decreases
  • Pressure increases
  • Particles collide more frequently
  • Velocity of particles increases
  • Temperature increases