CHAPTER 7

• MUSCULOSKELETAL STRUCTURES

  • Tendons and ligaments
  • Able to withstand strong forces
  • Stronger tensile forces = break down
• ATHLETIC INJURIES

  • injuries to musculoskeletal structures due to trauma.
• ACUTE INJURIES

  • injuries that manifest immediately after exposure to sudden trauma.
• OVERUSE INJURIES

  • injuries that occur as a result of repetitive trauma that causes small tears in the soft tissues around the joint.
• WHY DOES A BODY PART SWELL WHEN IT IS INJURED?

  1. INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
  2. SWELLING
  3. MUSCLE SPASM
  4. INFLAMMATION
  5. FLUID REMNANTS
  6. ACTUAL REPAIR PHASE
  7. MATURITATION PHASE
• INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

  • initiates the healing process (removes the damaged tissue by increasing blood flow & activating the lymphatic system to the injured site)
• SWELLING

  • occurs due to fluid accumulation as a result of increased blood flow and blood vessel permeability
• MUSCLE SPASM

  • triggered if you attempt to move the injured limb
• INFLAMMATION

  • special cells remove the damages tissue to provide a foundation where new tissue can grow
• FLUID REMNANTS

  • removed through the lymphatic system
• ACTUAL REPAIR PHASE

  • laying down of new cells and blood vessels in the injured site
• MATURITATION PHASE

  • the tissue will become stronger as it aligns itself to provide maximal resistance to tensile forces
• EXAMPLES OF ACUTE INJURIES

  1. SPRAIN
  2. STRAIN
  3. FRACTURES
  4. DISLOCATIONS
  5. WOUNDS
• SPRAIN

  • Overstretched ligament
• STRAIN

  • excessive stretching that causes tears in the muscle tendon unit
• FRACTURE

  • breaks in the continuity of the bone
• DISLOCATIONS

  • bones pushing out of their joint capsule.
• COMMON OVERUSE INJURIES

  1. TENDINOPATHY
  2. LITTLE LEAGUE ELBOW
  3. STRESS FRACTURES
  4. OSTEOARTHRITIS
  5. BURSA
• TENDINOPATHY

  • muscle imbalance between muscle pairs
  • most common site: lower extremities
• LITTLE LEAGUE ELBOW

  • involves the muscle tendon units surrounding the elbow
  • repetitive stress due to poor throwing techniques
• STRESS FRACTURES

  • tiny cracks in a bone
  • commonly occur among runners who train for long period without adequate rest periods
• OSTEOARTHRITIS

  • wear and tear of the cartilage in a joint.
  • results in the thinning of the cartilage between the bones
• BURSA

  • sac-like musculoskeletal structure that provides support and cushioning to the joint
• HEAT ILLNESSES

  1. HEAT CRAMPS
  2. HEAT STROKE
  3. HEAT EXHAUSTION
• HEAT ILLNESSES

  • due to excessive dehydration and high body temperature commonly attributed to training in poor weather conditions
• HEAT CRAMPS

  • mild form of heat illnesses characterized by muscle cramps
• HEAT STROKE

  • severe form of heat illness
  • characterized by a temperature over 40 degrees Celsius
• HEAT EXHAUSTION

  • moderate form of heat illness due to excessive loss in water and sodium, causing the individuals to be dizzy and weak
• HYPOTHERMIA

  • Occurs when body temperature is lower than 35 degrees celsius
• PRINCIPLES FOR PREVENTING ATHLETIC INJURIES

  1. Adopt a comprehensive program
  2. Use protective equipment and practice the correct technique
  3. Incorporate recovery strategies in the training program
  4. Follow rules and decorum during competition
• STEPS FOR DECREASING THE RISK OF GETTING INJURED WHILE TRAINING/PLAYING

  1. Proper Attire
  2. Proper Technique
  3. Gym Etiquette
  4. Proper Environmental Conditions
  5. Adequate Recovery