7: Population Structure and Growth

• What is the definition of density of population?

  Number of people per square kilometer
• How is the density of population calculated?

  Total population divided by total area
• What is Pakistan's rank in terms of population size?

  5th largest country
• What was the population of West Pakistan in 1947?

  32.7 million
• What was the population of Pakistan according to the 2017 census?

  207.68 million
• What was the population density of Pakistan in 2017?

  260.88/sq.km
• What was the population of Pakistan in the 2023 census?

  241.49 million
• What was the population density of Pakistan in 2023?

  302.08/sq.km
• What factors contribute to the increase in population density?

  High birth rate, low death rate, life expectancy
• What was the life expectancy in Pakistan in 2017?

  66.82 years
• What is the life expectancy in Pakistan in 2023?

  67.79 years
• How do natural factors affect population density in Pakistan?

  Mountains and terrain limit population growth
• What lifestyle choices contribute to population density in rural areas of Pakistan?

  Subsistence agriculture and large families
• What determines the growth rate of a population?

  Birth rate, death rate, and migration
• What are the components of population structure and growth?

  • Birth rate
  • Death rate
  • Migration
• How many census in Pakistan

  7
• Years of census in Pakistan

  1. 1951
  2. 1961
  3. 1972
  4. 1982
  5. 1998
  6. 2017
  7. 2023
• Population of Pakistan at the time of Independence

  32.2 M
• Demography


  It is the statistical study of population.
• What does demographic transition theory suggest about population growth?

  It grows along a predictable 5-stage model
• What are the stages of demographic transition?

  1. Stage 1: Pre-Industrial society
  2. Stage 2: High birth rate, decreasing death rate
  3. Stage 3: Low death rate, decreasing birth rate
  4. Stage 4: Low birth and death rates
  5. Stage 5: Low birth rate, higher death rate
• What characterizes Stage 1 of demographic transition?

  High birth and death rates, slow population growth
• Why is the birth rate high in Stage 1?

  Many children are needed for agriculture
• What causes the high death rate in Stage 1?

  Poor medical facilities, sanitation, and food
• What happens to the birth and death rates in Stage 2?

  Birth rate remains high, death rate decreases
• What improvements lead to a decrease in death rate in Stage 2?

  Better medical facilities, sanitation, and food
• What characterizes Stage 3 of demographic transition?

  Low death rate and decreasing birth rate
• What factors contribute to the decreasing birth rate in Stage 3?

  Family planning awareness, female education, government initiatives
• What is the ideal situation for a country in Stage 4?

  Both birth and death rates are gradually low
• Which countries are examples of Stage 4?

  Argentina, Australia, China, Brazil, USA
• What characterizes Stage 5 of demographic transition?

  Low birth rate, higher death rate, stable population
• Why does the population not decline in Stage 5 despite a higher death rate?

  Due to higher life expectancy
• What is one problem caused by overpopulation?

  Lack of accommodation
• What environmental issue is a challenge due to overpopulation?

  Environmental issues
• What economic problem is associated with overpopulation?

  Unemployment
• How does overpopulation affect poverty levels?

  Increased poverty
• What social issue can rise due to overpopulation?

  Increased crime rate
• What economic phenomenon can occur due to overpopulation?

  Inflation
• What labor issue is exacerbated by overpopulation?

  Child labor
• What is a consequence of overpopulation regarding basic needs?

  Increased demand of basic needs