Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR)

• What is the main function of a PIR sensor?

  Detects motion by sensing infrared radiation
• How does a PIR sensor detect motion?

  By sensing changes in infrared radiation
• What can you trigger with a PIR sensor?

  Events like turning on an LED
• What does "passive" mean in the context of a PIR sensor?

  It does not emit energy
• What type of radiation does a PIR sensor detect?

  Infrared radiation
• What is near infrared (NIR) used for?

  Enabling light and remote controls
• What is far infrared (FIR) associated with?

  Thermal radiation from hot objects
• What is a common application of PIR sensors?

  Security and automation systems
• What is the role of a pyroelectric sensor in a PIR?

  It detects infrared radiation changes
• What happens when there is no infrared radiation detected?

  The two signals are equal and opposite
• What occurs when there is a temperature change detected by a PIR sensor?

  It causes signal changes and charge redistribution
• What does the electrical difference in charge create?

  An output signal
• What are the materials needed to configure a PIR sensor?

  Arduino board, PIR sensor module, jumper wires
• What does the GND pin on a PIR sensor connect to?

  Ground connection
• What voltage does the VCC pin of a PIR sensor require?

  5V power
• What does the OUT pin of a PIR sensor indicate?

  High when motion is detected
• How do you connect the GND pin of the PIR sensor?

  To the GND pin on the Arduino board
• Which digital pin can the OUT pin of the PIR sensor connect to?

  Digital pin D2 on the Arduino board
• What does "int" represent in variable declaration?

  It represents a numeric value
• What does the void setup() function do?

  Runs once after the void loop() has executed
• What is the purpose of the Serial.begin() function?

  To initiate serial communication
• What does digitalRead() do?

  Checks the state of a digital pin
• What does Serial.println() do?

  Sends data to the serial monitor
• What components are needed for the PIR with LED circuit design?

  USB cable, LED, 220-ohm resistor
• What does digitalWrite(2, HIGH) do?

  Sets pin 2 to HIGH state
• What is the purpose of the piezo buzzer in the circuit design?

  To produce sound based on motion detection
• What are the steps to configure a PIR sensor with an Arduino?

  1. Connect GND pin to Arduino GND
  2. Connect VCC pin to Arduino 5V
  3. Connect OUT pin to a digital pin (e.g., D2)
• What are the key coding functions used in the PIR sensor program?

  • void setup(): Initializes the program
  • digitalRead(): Checks digital pin state
  • Serial.println(): Sends data to serial monitor
• What are the components needed for the PIR with LED circuit?

  • Arduino board
  • PIR sensor module
  • LED
  • 220-ohm resistor
  • USB cable
  • Jumper wires
• What are the components needed for the PIR with piezo buzzer circuit?

  • Arduino board
  • PIR sensor module
  • Piezo buzzer
  • Jumper wires
  • USB cable
• What are the differences between near infrared (NIR) and far infrared (FIR)?

  • NIR: Used for light and remote controls
  • FIR: Associated with thermal radiation from hot objects
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of using PIR sensors?

  Strengths:

  • Cost-effective
  • Low power consumption
  • Reliable motion detection

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Limited range
  • Sensitivity to environmental changes