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• What is the anatomical division of the ovary?

  Cortex and medulla

  
• What type of epithelium covers the cortical aspect of the ovary during development?

  Cuboidal epithelium

  
• What does the cortical parenchyma of the ovary consist of?

  Follicles, interstitial cells, and stroma

  
• What is contained in the ovarian medulla?

  Large arteries and veins

  
• What are the rete ovarii?

  Cords of cells in the medulla
• How does the anatomy of the ovary differ in horses compared to most domestic species?

  Follicular development occurs in the medulla
• What forms in the equine ovary where ovulation occurs?

  Ovulation fossa
• What causes the enlargement of equine ovaries in fetuses and neonates?

  Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of interstitial cells
• What is the sequence of ovarian follicle development?

  1. Primordial follicle
  2. Primary follicle
  3. Secondary follicle
  4. Tertiary (Graafian) follicle

  
• What do primordial follicles contain?

  A primary oocyte and flattened follicular cells

  
• What characterizes primary follicles?

  Granulosa cells become cuboidal
• What separates the oocyte from granulosa cells in primary follicles?

  Zona pellucida
• What do secondary follicles develop between granulosa cells?

  Spaces that form the follicular antrum
• What are the two layers formed by stromal cells in secondary follicles?

  Theca interna and theca externa
• What are Graafian follicles also known as?

  Tertiary or mature follicles
• What surrounds the oocyte in Graafian follicles?

  Cumulus oophorus
• What is the function of the uterine tubes?

  Transport oocyte and site for fertilization
• What are the anatomical divisions of the uterine tubes?

  Infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus
• What type of epithelium typically lines the mucosa of the uterine tubes?

  Ciliated columnar epithelium
• What is the primary role of the uterus?

  Maintain pregnancy and transport semen
• What type of uterus do porcine, canine, and equine species have?

  Bicornuate uterus
• How does the structure of the uterus vary among species?

  Shape and development of uterine horns
• What are the three layers of the uterus cross-section?

  Endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium

  
• What type of epithelium typically covers the endometrium?

  Simple columnar epithelium
• What is the stratum basalis in the endometrium?

  Deepest layer adjacent to the myometrium

  
• What characterizes the stratum spongiosum?

  Broad intermediate layer with spongy appearance
• What is the stratum compactum?

  Superficial layer with compact stromal appearance
• What are caruncles in the ruminant endometrium?

  Large, vascularized protrusions
• How does the myometrium compare to intestinal muscular layers?

  It has inner circular and outer longitudinal layers
• What is the outermost layer of the uterus called?

  Perimetrium

  
• What is the function of the cervix?

  Acts as a barrier during estrus and pregnancy
• What type of epithelium is found in the canine cervix?

  Stratified squamous epithelium

  
• How does the bovine cervix differ in structure?

  Contains goblet-like cells and ciliated epithelium
• What is the length of the porcine cervix?

  Approximately 25 cm
• What are the four layers of the vagina?

  Mucosa, lamina propria, muscularis, and adventitia
• What type of epithelium lines the bovine vagina?

  Stratified columnar epithelium

  
• What separates the vaginal lumen from the vestibule?

  Thin membrane called the hymen
• How does the vaginal mucosa change during the estrus cycle?

  1. Anestrus: Non-cornified, round epithelial cells
  2. Proestrus: Large cornifying cells, few neutrophils
  3. Estrus: Predominantly cornified cells, few erythrocytes
  4. Diestrus: Smaller non-cornified cells, dominant neutrophils

  
• What type of cells are present during anestrus in the vagina?

  Non-cornified, round epithelial cells

  
• What characterizes the vaginal mucosa during proestrus?

  Large cornifying epithelial cells