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• What is the relevance of the reproductive system in male animals?

  It is essential for reproduction.
• What are the histological features of the testes?

  They include seminiferous cords and Leydig cells.

  
• What is the function of Sertoli cells?

  They regulate spermatogenesis and secrete inhibin.
• What do Leydig cells produce?

  Testosterone

  
• What are germ cells in the developing testes called?

  Spermatogonia

  
• What happens to spermatogonia during spermatogenesis?

  They undergo mitotic division to increase numbers.

  
• What are the three periods of spermatogenesis?

  Mitotic, meiotic, and metamorphic periods.

  
• What type of spermatogonia maintains the replicative pool?

  Type A spermatogonia
• What do Type B spermatogonia eventually produce?

  Spermatozoa
• What is the first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes result in?

  Secondary spermatocytes

  
• What does spermiogenesis convert spermatids into?

  Spermatozoa

  
• What forms the acrosomal head cap during spermiogenesis?

  The acrosomal vesicle expands over the nucleus.
• How many sections is a mature spermatozoon divided into?

  Five sections
• What regulates the activity in the seminiferous tubules?

  Products of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.
• What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?

  Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
• What does FSH initiate?

  Spermatogenesis
• What is the tunica albuginea?

  A dense collagenous capsule around the testicle.
• What divides the parenchyma of the testicle into lobules?

  Loose connective tissue bands
• What type of epithelium lines the seminiferous tubules?

  Stratified epithelium
• Where are Leydig cells located?

  Between seminiferous tubules in connective tissue.

  
• What guides spermatozoa out of the testes?

  Rete testis and tubuli recti.
• What do efferent ductules connect?

  Rete testes to ductus epididymis.

  
• What type of epithelium lines the ductus epididymis?

  Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
• What is the function of the ductus epididymis?

  To store and mature spermatozoa.
• What is the structure of the ductus deferens?

  Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with smooth muscle.

  
• What do seminal vesicles synthesize?

  Sperm activating substances including fructose.
• What is the function of the prostate gland?

  To aid in liquefaction of semen.
• What does the bulbourethral gland release?

  A thick, salty fluid for lubrication.
• What are the main differences between spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis?

  • Spermatogenesis: Formation of spermatozoa from spermatogonia.
  • Spermiogenesis: Transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa.