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• What are the desired learning outcomes for the class on special sense organs?

  Reflect, outline, and discuss special sense organs
• Why are special sense organs important in animals?

  They enable perception of environmental stimuli
• What are the specialized senses mentioned in the study material?

  Vision, hearing, balance, taste, and olfaction
• What is the function of the ear in animals?

  It is specialized for hearing and balance
• What shape is the eye described as?

  A hollow, slightly elongated sphere
• What are the three layers of tissue in the eye?

  Sclera, uvea, and retina
• What comprises the exterior layers of the eye?

  Sclera and cornea
• What is the role of the uvea in the eye?

  It is the vascular layer in the middle
• What are the three tunics of the eye?

  Fibrous, vascular, and nervous tunics
• What divides the interior of the eye into anterior and posterior cavities?

  The lens suspended by zonular fibers
• What fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?

  Aqueous humor
• What is the vitreous chamber filled with?

  Vitreous body or vitreous humor
• What are the microscopic layers of the cornea from outside in?

  Stratified squamous epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, simple squamous epithelium

  
• How do the cornea and sclera differ?

  In the arrangement of their collagen fibers
• What is the limbus in the eye?

  The junction of the cornea and sclera
• What is the primary composition of the sclera?

  Connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers
• What are the three parts of the vascular tunic?

  Iris, ciliary body, and choroid
• What is the function of the iris?

  To change the size of the pupil
• What does the ciliary body do?

  Controls the shape of the lens
• What is the role of the choroid?

  Provides nutrition to the outer retina
• What are rods and cones in the retina?

  Photoreceptors that sense light
• What do rods primarily contribute to?

  Peripheral and night vision
• Where are cone cells primarily located?

  In the fovea
• What is the function of the organ of Corti?

  Translates vibrations into nerve impulses
• What are the three parts of the ear?

  External ear, middle ear, inner ear
• What is the role of the external ear?

  To collect sound waves
• What are the components of the external ear?

  Auricle and external auditory canal
• What is the function of the middle ear?

  To amplify incoming sound waves
• What are the three auditory ossicles in the middle ear?

  Malleus, incus, and stapes
• What fluid fills the interconnected canals of the inner ear?

  Endolymph
• What is the cochlea's structure in the inner ear?

  A spiral canal with three turns

  
• What happens to sound waves in the cochlear duct?

  They vibrate hair cells of the organ of Corti
• What is the vestibular system responsible for?

  Providing the sense of balance
• What are the two components of the vestibular system?

  Semi-circular canals and otolith organs
• What gives the tongue its rough texture?

  Lingual papillae
• What is the function of lingual papillae?

  Increase surface area and friction for taste
• How many types of lingual papillae are there?

  Four types
• Where are taste buds primarily located?

  In taste pores around lingual papillae
• What do taste receptor cells respond to?

  Chemical properties of food particles
• How does olfaction occur?

  When odorants bind to olfactory receptors