5.1

• What is meant by homeostasis?

  Maintenance of a constant internal environment
• Why is controlling temperature important for organisms?

  It affects enzyme function and reaction rates
• How does pH affect enzyme activity?

  Fluctuations can change the enzyme's active site
• What is the normal pH of tissue fluid?

  Approximately pH 7.4
• What do scientists call fluctuations in internal conditions?

  Dynamic equilibrium
• What are the three key factors controlled by homeostasis?

  pH, temperature, and water potential
• What happens to enzymes if the temperature rises above the optimum?

  They may be denatured and stop functioning
• Why is it critical to minimize changes in pH and temperature?

  To maintain enzyme and protein function
• How do mammals and birds regulate their internal temperature?

  By maintaining a core temperature
• Why must glucose concentration be controlled in the blood?

  It affects water potential and energy release
• What happens if the concentration of glucose in the blood falls significantly?

  Water potential increases, causing cells to burst
• What is the consequence of increased glucose concentration in the blood?

  Water potential falls, causing cells to shrink
• What is the role of glucose in cells?

  It is used to release energy via respiration
• What will be discussed in the next video?

  Negative feedback mechanisms