Group 1

• What are group one metals also known as?

  Alkali metals
• What are the key reactions of group one metals that should be described?

  • React with oxygen
  • React with chlorine
  • React with water
• How does the reactivity of group one metals change as we move down the group?

  Reactivity increases down the group.
• What is the significance of the outer electron in group one metals?

  The outer electron is crucial for determining reactivity.
• How many electrons do all group one metals have in their outer energy level?

  One electron
• What happens when lithium reacts with oxygen?

  • Lithium reacts rapidly with oxygen.
  • Forms lithium oxide.
  • Lithium transfers its outer electron to oxygen.
  • Both lithium and oxygen achieve full outer energy levels.
• How does the reactivity of sodium compare to lithium when reacting with oxygen?

  Sodium reacts more rapidly than lithium.
• What is formed when potassium reacts with oxygen?

  • Potassium reacts rapidly with oxygen.
  • Forms potassium oxide.
  • Potassium transfers its outer electron to oxygen.
• What is the charge of lithium ions after reacting with oxygen?

  Positive one charge
• What is the charge of oxide ions after lithium reacts with oxygen?

  Negative two charge
• How do you write the equation for the reaction between lithium and oxygen?

  • Balance the equation.
  • Include two lithium atoms for every one oxygen molecule.
• How do group one metals react with chlorine?

  • React rapidly with chlorine.
  • Outer electron from the metal moves to chlorine.
  • Forms positive metal ions and negative chloride ions.
  • Produces metal chlorides.
• What is produced when lithium reacts with chlorine?

  Lithium chloride
• What is the general outcome of reactions between group one metals and halogens?

  • Formation of ionic compounds.
  • Full outer energy levels for both ions.
• What are group one metals also known as?

  Alkali metals
• Why do group one metals react more rapidly as we move down the group?

  Because the outer electron is easier to lose due to increased atomic radius and shielding.
• What happens when group one metals react with water?

  • Produces hydrogen gas (effervescence)
  • Forms an alkaline solution (turns universal indicator purple)
• What is produced when lithium reacts with water?

  Lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas
• How does the reactivity of sodium compare to lithium when reacting with water?

  Sodium reacts more rapidly than lithium.
• What is the trend in reactivity among lithium, sodium, and potassium?

  Potassium > Sodium > Lithium in reactivity.
• What are the two reasons for increased reactivity of group one metals as we move down the group?

  • Increased atomic radius reduces attraction between nucleus and outer electron
  • Increased shielding from inner electrons decreases attraction to the nucleus
• What is the effect of atomic radius on the reactivity of group one metals?

  It increases, making the outer electron easier to lose.
• What is meant by 'shielding' in the context of group one metals?

  It is the repulsion of the outer electron by inner electrons, reducing nuclear attraction.