Required Practical 2:Carrying out Titration (T)

• What is the purpose of a titration?

  The purpose of a titration is to determine the concentration of an acid or alkali by neutralization.
• What are the stages involved in carrying out a titration?

  • Transfer 25 cm³ of sodium hydroxide into a conical flask
  • Add five drops of an indicator (e.g., methyl orange)
  • Place the conical flask on a white tile
  • Fill a burette with sulfuric acid
  • Add acid to the alkali until neutral, observing color change
  • Swirl the solution to mix
  • Read the volume of acid added from the burette
  • Repeat the titration for consistent results
• What type of reaction occurs during a titration between sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide?

  The reaction is a neutralization reaction.
• Why is it important to use a pipette filler when transferring liquids?

  It ensures accurate volume measurement and prevents incorrect volumes.
• What is the role of an indicator in a titration?

  An indicator shows the endpoint of the titration by changing color.
• What color change indicates neutralization when using methyl orange?

  The color changes from yellow to permanently red.
• Why is it important to swirl the solution during a titration?

  To ensure proper mixing of the acid and alkali.
• How should the burette be read to ensure accuracy?

  At eye level with the bottom of the meniscus.
• What is the typical volume of acid added in a titration?

  It varies, but in the example, it was 17.9 cm³.
• What should be done after completing a titration to ensure reliable results?

  • Repeat the titration several times
  • Obtain two readings within 0.1 cm³
  • Calculate the mean of these readings for accuracy
• What can be calculated once the volume and concentration of the alkali and the volume of acid are known?

  The concentration of the acid can be calculated.